A. It should be burning brightly and strong enough to prevent the draft from putting it out when the throttle is opened.  And a little smoke should show up at the stack, which would indicate that the fire was being forced just a little ahead of the working of the engine.

25.  Q. Which is desirable, to use as much or as little steam jet atomizer as possible?

A. It is desirable to use as little atomizer as will make engine show perfect combustion and economy.

26.  Q. What is the result of too little steam jet atomizer when standing at stations or when the engine is working light?

A. The result of too little atomizer when standing at station or when engine is working lightly, will result in the oil not being carried far enough into the fire-box or arch and not properly atomized and the fire is liable to go out.  The oil will drop from the mouth of the burner into the draft pan to the ground where it is very liable to start a fire under the engine.

27.  Q. If too much steam jet atomizer is used with a light fire?

A. It will create a disagreeable gas, which will cause the fire to burn with a succession of light explosions and kicks, also a waste of steam, and which would reduce the fire-box temperature.

28.  Q. When the fire kicks and smokes, what should be done?

A. The atomizer should be adjusted.  If this does not overcome the trouble, the heater should be put in service, for, possibly, the oil is too cold to flow freely.  Another cause of the fire kicking and smoking results from water being mixed with the oil.  If this is the case, it should be drained out of the oil tank immediately.

29.  Q. How should the dampers be used on an oil burning locomotive?

A. They should be opened just enough to admit sufficient air to produce perfect combustion, but not enough to cool the fire-box.  The dampers should be closed when the engine is drifting or when at rest and the fire is cut very low or is out entirely.

30.  Q. About how much smoke do you consider an oil burning locomotive should make under adverse conditions, when the engine is steaming well, but is being crowded by the engineer?

A. Only a light smoke should show at the stack.

31.  Q. What color is most desirable at peep holes in the fire-box?

A. A white color is most desirable.

32.  Q. What will produce the bright red color?

A. Leaky steam pipes, side seams, flues and improper combustion will produce a ruddy color in the fire-box.

33.  Q. How does water in the oil affect the fire?

A. Water in the oil will produce popping or kicking with the fire in the fire-box and at times the fire will die down entirely and then flash up as the water disappears and the oil reaches the burner.  The most noticeable result of water in the oil is the fact that the fire will get very low.  It will almost go out entirely and then will suddenly flash up again as the oil appears.  Water in the oil produces a very dangerous condition and should be prevented immediately by draining the water from the fuel oil tank.