Learning to control or strengthen the Will is closely allied to developing Attention and Interest, and for reasons which will soon be apparent, I will first consider the latter, since they constitute a preparation or basis for the former.  And as preliminary, I will consider the popular or common error to the effect that everyone has alloted to him or to her just so much of the faculty of attention or interest as it has pleased Nature to give—­the same being true as regards Memory, Will, the Constructive or Artistic abilities, and so on—­when in very truth and on the warrant of Experience all may be increased ad infinitum.  Therefore, we find ignorant men complacently explaining their indifference to art and literature or culture on the ground that they take no interest in such subjects, as if interest were a special heaven-sent gift.  Who has not heard the remark, “He or she takes such an interest in so many things—­I wish that I could.”  Or, as I heard it very recently expressed, “It must be delightful to be able to interest one’s self in something at any time.”  Which was much the same as the expression of the Pennsylvania German girl, “Ach Gott!  I wisht I hat genius und could make a pudden!”

No one can be expected to take an interest at once and by mere will in any subject, but where an earnest and serious Attention has been directed to it, Interest soon follows.  Hence it comes that those who deliberately train themselves in Society after the precept enforced by all great writers of social maxims to listen politely and patiently, are invariably rewarded by acquiring at last shrewd intelligence, as is well known to diplomatists.  That mere stolid patience subdues impatience sounds like a dull common-place saying, but it is a silver pencil disguised as an iron screw; there is a deep subtlety hidden in it, if it be allowed with a little intelligence, forethought, and determination towards a purpose.  Let us now consider the mechanical and easy processes by which attention may be awakened.

According to ED. VON HARTMANN, Attention is either spontaneous or reflex.  The voluntary fixing our mind upon, or choosing an idea, image, or subject, is spontaneous attention, but when the idea for some reason impresses itself upon us then we have enforced, or reflex attention.  That is simply to say, there is active or passive observation—­the things which we seek or which come to us unsought.  And the “seeking for,” or spontaneous action can be materially aided and made persevering, if before we begin the search or set about devoting Attention to anything, we pause, as it were, to determine or resolve that we will be thorough, and not leave off until we shall have mastered it.  For strange as it may seem, the doing this actually has in most cases a positive, and very often a remarkable result, as the reader may very easily verify for himself.  This Forethought is far more easily awakened, or exerted, than Attention itself, but it prepares it, just as Attention prepares Interest.