“It is much more difficult to estimate the number of dead buffalo represented by the Indian-tanned skins or robes sent to market.  This number varies with the different tribes, and their greater or less contact with the whites.  Thus, the Cheyennes, Arapahoes, and Kiowas of the southern plains, having less contact with whites, use skins for their lodges, clothing, bedding, par-fléches, saddles, lariats, for almost everything.  The number of robes sent to market represent only what we may call the foreign exchange of these tribes, and is really not more than one-tenth of the skins taken.  To be well within bounds I will assume that one robe sent to market by these Indians represents six dead buffaloes.

“Those bands of Sioux who live at the agencies, and whose peltries are taken to market by the Union Pacific Railroad, live in lodges of cotton cloth furnished by the Indian Bureau.  They use much civilized clothing, bedding, boxes, ropes, etc.  For these luxuries they must pay in robes, and as the buffalo range is far from wide, and their yearly ‘crop’ small, more than half of it goes to market.”

Leaving out of the account at this point all consideration of the killing done north of the Union Pacific Railroad, Colonel Dodge’s figures are as follows: 

Southern buffaloes slaughtered by southern Indians.

+------------------------------------------------------

-----------+
|                                         |Sent to   |No. of dead |
|                Indians.                 |market.   |buffaloes   |
|                                         |          |represented.|
+-----------------------------------------+----------+------

------+
|                                         |          |            |
|Kiowas, Comanches, Cheyennes, Arapahoes, |          |            |
|and other Indians whose robes go over the|          |            |
|Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé Railroad   |  19,000  |  114,000   |
|Sioux at agencies, Union Pacific Railroad|  10,000  |   16,000   |
|                                         +----------+------------+
|Total slaughtered per annum              |  29,000  |  130,000   |
|Total for the three years 1872-1874      |     ...  |  390,000   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------

------+

Reference has already been made to the fact that during those years an immense number of buffaloes were killed by the farmers of eastern Kansas and Nebraska for their meat.  Mr. William Mitchell, of Wabaunsee, Kansas, stated to the writer that “in those days, when buffaloes were plentiful in western Kansas, pretty much everybody made a trip West in the fall and brought back a load of buffalo meat.  Everybody had it in abundance as long as buffaloes remained in any considerable number.  Very few skins were saved; in fact, hardly any, for the reason that nobody knew how to tan them, and they always spoiled.  At first a great many farmers tried to dress the green hides that they brought back, but they could not succeed, and finally gave up trying.  Of course, a great deal of the meat killed was wasted, for only the best parts were brought back.”