Directions as to the Distances of one Note from another, as to Sound.

In this case, the distances are not all equal, but that in the rising and falling of any Eight Notes, there are two lesser distances; and these are named Semitones, or the Half Notes, which must be well observed and known, in remarquing their places in the Staff of Lines; and the better to have them in your Memory at all times take a rule from certain Rhimes that point at their places, viz.

In every octave there are half Notes two, Which do to us their proper places shew; One half Note you will find from B to Ce, The other half one lyes twixt Fa and Le.

The octave mentioned as an Eighth, and this Rule denotes the ordinary places where you are to Sing the Half Notes, when there are no Flats or Sharps placed or set in the Lines, viz. between B and Ce, and twixt Le and Fa; these Flats and Sharps you will find thus marked [Symbol:  for Flat] [Symbol:  for Sharp] and when the Semitones, or Half Notes are shifted, they are known by them when they are found upon the Lines.

[Illustration:  Music]

Observe, that in these Staves or Lines, you find the Notes Gradually Ascending, of which the Pairs marked with Arches are half a Note distant.

+-------+ G.
|       |
+-------+ F.
1 +-------+ E.
|       |
2 +-------+ D.
|       |
3 +-------+ C.
4 +-------+ B.
|       |
5 +-------+ A.
|       |
6 +-------+ G.

This Marginal Figure, shews to the Eye the distance of the Seven Notes one from another, the Letters Guiding or Directing to the Particulars, whereas you perceive B, Ce, and La, Fa, lying near unto the rest, so must their Sounds be nearer when you come to Tune your Voice in harmony, _&c._ and the better to express with your Voice, and so observe the difference between half and whole distances of Notes; Sing often over these six Mona-Syllables, viz. One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, distinctly, as is to be observed in the Tune of Six Bells; and when you have done it many times, Sing only One, Two, Three, Four, and there stop, repeating three four by them selves for they are Semitones distant in Sound, and the rest are alone, or a whole Note distant each from the next; so that by a little Judicial Observation you will perceive the three and four Bells to be a lesser distant in Sound, than the other.

The Figures or Number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, in the foregoing Marginal Figures, shew the several distances to the Eye of the Six Notes where Le is the first, D the Second, _&c._ and the third and fourth, are Ce, B, distant half a Note or Tune.

Directions for the Tuning of Notes, &c.