[27] See Ford, Pamphlets, etc., p. 54.

 [28] Ford, Pamphlets, etc., p. 146.

 [29] “Address to the Freemen of South Carolina on the Subject
      of the Federal Constitution”:  Ibid., p. 378.

 [30] Published in the New York Packet, Jan. 22, 1788;
      reprinted in Dawson’s Foederalist, I. 290-1.

 [31] Elliot, Debates, II. 452.

 [32] Elliot, Debates, IV. 296-7.

 [33] Published in Debates of the Massachusetts Convention,
      1788, p. 217 ff.

 [34] Elliot, Debates, IV. 100-1.

 [35] Published in Debates of the Massachusetts Convention,
      1788, p. 208.

 [36] Ibid.

 [37] Elliot, Debates, III. 452-3.

 [38] Walker, Federal Convention of New Hampshire, App. 113;
      Elliot, Debates, II. 203.

 [39] Elliot, Debates, IV. 273.

 [40] Updike’s Minutes, in Staples, Rhode Island in the
      Continental Congress, pp. 657-8, 674-9.  Adopted by a majority
      of one in a convention of seventy.

 [41] In five States I have found no mention of the subject
      (Delaware, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, and Maryland).  In
      the Pennsylvania convention there was considerable debate,
      partially preserved in Elliot’s and Lloyd’s Debates.  In the
      Massachusetts convention the debate on this clause occupied a
      part of two or three days, reported in published debates.  In
      South Carolina there were several long speeches, reported in
      Elliot’s Debates.  Only three speeches made in the New
      Hampshire convention seem to be extant, and two of these are
      on the slave-trade:  cf.  Walker and Elliot.  The Virginia
      convention discussed the clause to considerable extent:  see
      Elliot.  The clause does not seem to have been a cause of North
      Carolina’s delay in ratification, although it occasioned some
      discussion:  see Elliot.  In Rhode Island “much debate ensued,”
      and in this State alone was an amendment proposed:  see
      Staples, Rhode Island in the Continental Congress.  In New
      York the Committee of the Whole “proceeded through sections 8,
      9 ... with little or no debate”:  Elliot, Debates, II. 406.

 [42] South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina.  North
      Carolina had, however, a prohibitive duty.

* * * * *

Chapter VII

TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE AND ANTI-SLAVERY EFFORT, 1787-1806.