[8] Charter to William Penn, etc. (1879), p. 12.  First
      published on Long Island in 1664.  Possibly Negro slaves were
      explicitly excepted.  Cf. Magazine of American History, XI.
      411, and N.Y.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll., I. 322.

  [9] Acts of Assembly, 1691-1718, pp. 97, 125, 134; Doc.
      rel.  Col.  Hist.  New York, V. 178, 185, 293.

 [10] The Assembly attempted to raise the slave duty in 1711,
      but the Council objected (Doc. rel.  Col.  Hist.  New York, V.
      292 ff.), although, as it seems, not on account of the slave
      duty in particular.  Another act was passed between 1711 and
      1716, but its contents are not known (cf. title of the Act of
      1716).  For the Act of 1716, see Acts of Assembly, 1691-1718,
      p. 224.

 [11] Doc. rel.  Col.  Hist.  New York, VI. 37, 38.

 [12] Doc. rel.  Col.  Hist.  New York, VI. 32-4.

 [13] Ibid., VII. 907.  This act was annually renewed.  The
      slave duty remained a chief source of revenue down to 1774. 
      Cf. Report of Governor Tryon, in Doc. rel.  Col.  Hist.  New
      York, VIII. 452.

[14] Laws of New York, 1785-88 (ed. 1886), ch. 68, p. 121. 
Substantially the same act reappears in the revision of the
laws of 1788:  Ibid., ch. 40, p. 676.

[15] The slave population of New York has been estimated as
follows:—­

In 1698, 2,170. Doc. rel.  Col.  Hist.  New York, IV. 420.
" 1703, 2,258. N.Y.  Col.  MSS., XLVIII.; cited in Hough,
N.Y.  Census, 1855, Introd.
" 1712, 2,425. Ibid., LVII., LIX. (a partial census).
" 1723, 6,171. Doc. rel.  Col.  Hist.  New York, V. 702.
" 1731, 7,743. Ibid., V. 929.
" 1737, 8,941. Ibid., VI. 133.
" 1746, 9,107. Ibid., VI. 392.
" 1749, 10,692. Ibid., VI. 550.
" 1756, 13,548. London Doc., XLIV. 123; cited in Hough,
as above.
" 1771, 19,863. Ibid., XLIV. 144; cited in Hough, as above.
" 1774, 21,149. Ibid., " " " " "
" 1786, 18,889. Deeds in office Sec. of State, XXII. 35.

Total number of Africans imported from 1701 to 1726, 2,375,
of whom 802 were from Africa:  O’Callaghan, Documentary
History of New York, I. 482.

[16] Cf. below, Chapter XI.

 [17] Vermont State Papers, 1779-86, p. 244.  The return of
      sixteen slaves in Vermont, by the first census, was an error: 
      New England Record, XXIX. 249.

 [18] Vermont State Papers, p. 505.

 [19] The following is a summary of the legislation of the
      colony of Pennsylvania and Delaware; details will be found in
      Appendix A:—­