[140] Parliamentary Papers, 1823, Vol.  XVIII., Slave
      Trade, Further Papers, A, pp. 10-11.

[141] Opinions of Attorneys-General, V. 717.

[142] R.W.  Habersham to the Secretary of the Navy, August,
      1821; reprinted in Friends’ View, etc., p. 47.

[143] Ibid., p. 42.

[144] Ibid., p. 43.

[145] Cf. above, pp. 126-7.

[146] Friends’ View, etc., p. 42.

[147] A few accounts of captures here and there would make the
      matter less suspicious; these, however, do not occur.  How
      large this suspected illicit traffic was, it is of course
      impossible to say; there is no reason why it may not have
      reached many hundreds per year.

[148] Cf. editorial in Niles’s Register, XXII. 114.  Cf. also
      the following instances of pardons:—­

      PRESIDENT JEFFERSON:  March 1, 1808, Phillip M. Topham,
      convicted for “carrying on an illegal slave-trade” (pardoned
      twice). Pardons and Remissions, I. 146, 148-9.

PRESIDENT MADISON:  July 29, 1809, fifteen vessels arrived at New Orleans from Cuba, with 666 white persons and 683 negroes.  Every penalty incurred under the Act of 1807 was remitted.  (Note:  “Several other pardons of this nature were granted.”) Ibid., I. 179.

      Nov. 8, 1809, John Hopkins and Lewis Le Roy, convicted for
      importing a slave. Ibid., I. 184-5.

      Feb. 12, 1810, William Sewall, convicted for importing slaves.
      Ibid., I. 194, 235, 240.

      May 5, 1812, William Babbit, convicted for importing slaves.
      Ibid., I. 248.

      PRESIDENT MONROE:  June 11, 1822, Thomas Shields, convicted for
      bringing slaves into New Orleans. Ibid., IV. 15.

      Aug. 24, 1822, J.F.  Smith, sentenced to five years’
      imprisonment and $3000 fine; served twenty-five months and was
      then pardoned. Ibid., IV. 22.

      July 23, 1823, certain parties liable to penalties for
      introducing slaves into Alabama. Ibid., IV. 63.

      Aug. 15, 1823, owners of schooner “Mary,” convicted of
      importing slaves. Ibid., IV. 66.

      PRESIDENT J.Q.  ADAMS:  March 4, 1826, Robert Perry; his ship
      was forfeited for slave-trading. Ibid., IV. 140.

      Jan. 17, 1827, Jesse Perry; forfeited ship, and was convicted
      for introducing slaves. Ibid., IV. 158.

      Feb. 13, 1827, Zenas Winston; incurred penalties for
      slave-trading. Ibid., IV. 161.  The four following cases are
      similar to that of Winston:—­

      Feb. 24, 1827, John Tucker and William Morbon. Ibid., IV.
      162.