Nanking (Nan-ching), capital of China, 38, 121, 156, 162, 225, 228, 235,
  246, 250, 254, 257, 262, 263, 266, 270, 286, 287, 290, 291, 302, 315,
  316, 318;
  Nanking regime, 314 ff.

Nationalism, 76, 131, 233, 284-5
  (see Kuo-min-tang)

Nature, 46;
  Nature philosophers, 60

Navy, 258

Near East, 16, 81, 106, 109, 111, 140, 146, 221, 238
  (see Arabs, Iran, etc.)

Neo-Confucianism, 218 ff., 263

Neolithicum, 9

Nepal, 243, 283

Nerchinsk, place, 278

Nestorian Christianity, 187

Ni Tsan, painter, 243

Nien Fei, rebels, 291-2

Niu Seng-yu, politician, 188

Nobility, 31, 80, 124, 131, 138;
  Nomadic nobility, 76
  (see Aristocracy)

Nomadism, 10, 40, 67, 222-3;
  Economy of nomads, 35-6, 137;
  Nomadic society structure, 75

Novels, 254 ff., 280

Oil, 294

Oirat, Mongol tribes, 260

Okinawa (see Ryukyu)

Oeloet, Mongol tribes, 277

Opera, 242, 255-6

Opium, 276, 286;
  Opium War, 286

Oracle bones, 22, 24

Ordos, area, 9, 17, 20, 67, 86, 125, 129, 133, 148, 170, 225

Orenburg, city, 282

Organizations, 58
  (see hui-kuan Guilds, hong, Secret Societies)

Orphanages, 218

Ottoman (Turkish) Empire, 293

Ou-yang Hsiu, writer, 254

Outer Mongolia, 310-11, 330

Pagoda, 243

Pai-chi (Paikche), state in Korea, 141

Pai-lien-hui (see White Lotos) 239

Painting, 56, 105, 183, 220 ff., 243, 255, 281

Palaeolithicum, 8 ff.

Pan Ch’ao, general, 99, 100

pao-chia, security system, 173

Paper, 105, 183, 251;
  Paper money, 202, 228, 237
  (see Money)

Parliament, 300-1

Party (see Kuo-min-tang, Communists)

Pearl Harbour, 319

Peasant rebellions, 238 ff.
  (see Rebellions)

Peking, city, 169, 184, 197, 207, 208, 221, 223, 235, 239, 246, 256,
  257, 262, 264, 265, 266, 268, 269, 272, 278, 283, 287, 290, 291, 297,
  299, 305, 307, 308, 309, 311, 312, 313, 318;
  Peking Man, 8

Pensions, 217, 247

People’s Democracy, 294

Persecution, religious, 147, 188, 207

Persia (Iran), 256, 258, 259;
  Persian language, 234

Peruz, ruler, 178

Philippines, state, 295, 323, 325

Philosophy, 44, 217 ff., 263 ff.
  (see Confucius, Lao Tzu, Chuang Tzu, Huai-nan Tzu,
  Hsuen Tzu, Mencius, Hui Tzu, Mo Ti, Kung-sun Lung, Shang
  Tzu, Han Fei Tzu, Tsou Yen, Legalists, Chung-ch’ang,
  T’ung, Yuean Chi, Liu Ling, Chu Hsi, Ch’eng Hao, Lu Hsiang-shan,
  Wang Yang-ming, etc.)