Literary revolution, 307, 320

Liu Chi, Han ruler, 68, 71 ff.

Liu Chih-yuean, ruler, 206

Liu Chin, eunuch, 261

Liu Hsiu
  (see Kuang-wu Ti), Han ruler, 96

Liu Lao-chih, general, 158

liu-min (vagrants), 198

Liu Pang
  (see Liu Chi)

Liu Pei, general and ruler, 100, 101, 102

Liu Shao-ch’i, political leader, 333

Liu Sung, rebel, 284

Liu Tsung-yuean, writer, 182

Liu Ts’ung, ruler, 123, 124

Liu Yao, ruler, 124

Liu Yue, general, 158, 159;
  emperor, 225

Liu Yuean, sculptor, 243;
  emperor, 119, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 131, 137, 139

Lo Kuan-chung, writer, 254

Loans, to farmers, 94;
  foreign, 288

Loess, soil formation, 9

Logic, 46

Long March, 321

Lorcha War, 287, 291

Loyang (Lo-yang), capital of China, 32, 33, 36, 37, 55, 97, 113, 122,
  127, 142, 144, 145, 148, 149, 150, 160, 168, 176, 180, 184, 185, 215

Lu, state, 41, 43

Lue, empress, 77 ff.

Lu Hsiang-shan, philosopher, 263

Lu Hsuen, writer, 320

Lue Kuang, ruler, 130

Lue Pu, general, 100

Lue Pu-wei, politician, 63, 103

Lun, prince, 120

Lun-heng, book, 104

Lung-men, place, 150

Lung-shan, excavation site, 14, 15 ff., 19

Lytton Commission, 316

Ma Yin, ruler, 199-200

Ma Yuean, general, 97;
  painter, 221

Macchiavellism, 60, 164, 263-4

Macao, Portuguese colony, 227, 266, 286

Mahayana, Buddhist sect, 135, 145

Maitreya, Buddhist deity, 147, 189
  (see Messianic movements)

Malacca, state, 263

Malaria, 249

Managers, 212-13

Manchu, tribal federation and dynasty, 76, 232, 265, 267, 270 ff., 301,
  312, 329, 330

Manchuria, 9, 11, 14, 111, 114, 137, 222, 246, 275, 277, 296, 311, 316,
  317

Manichaeism, Iranian religion, 46, 179, 187

Manors (chuang, see Estates), 154

Mao Tun, Hsiung-nu ruler, 75, 76, 119, 122, 139, 170

Mao Tse-tung, party leader, 320, 321, 333

Marco Polo, businessman, 238, 317

Market, 56;
  Market control, 85

Marriage systems, 73-5, 167, 196, 332

Marxism, 304, 306, 322, 331, 333;
  Marxist theory of history, 75
  (see Materialism, Communism, Lenin, Mao Tse-tung)

Materialism, 58, 164

Mathematics, 61

Matrilinear societies, 24

Mazdaism, Iranian religion, 101, 179, 187, 342

May Fourth Movement, 307, 320

Medicine, 219;
  Medical doctors, 144, 216-17