Investments, 198, 212, 212-14

Iran (Persia), 60, 61, 234

Iron, 40, 55, 96, 198;
  Cast iron, 56;
  Iron money, 202
  (see Steel)

Irrigation, 56, 62

Islam, 179, 183, 202-3
  (see Muslims)

Istanbul (Constantinople), 256, 259, 293

Italy, 317

Japan, 9, 10, 26, 44, 88, 106, 112, 114, 126, 144, 145, 170, 178, 179,
  181, 196, 201, 234, 245-6, 254, 256, 258, 263, 264, 265, 275, 294 ff.,
  297, 298, 300, 308, 309, 311, 312, 313, 314, 316, 317 ff., 322, 323,
  324, 325
  (see Meiji, Tada, Tanaka)

Java, 234

Jedzgerd, ruler, 178

Jehol, province, 11, 287
Jen Tsung, Manchu ruler, 285

Jesuits, 266, 278

Jews, 179

Ju (scribes), 34, 41

Ju-chen (Chin Dynasty, Jurchen), 221-2, 223, 225, 226, 227, 229 ff, 244,
  265

Juan-juan, tribal federation, 114, 140, 149

Jurchen
  (see Ju-chen)

K’ai-feng, city (see Yeh, Pien-liang), 203, 230

Kalmuk, Mongol tribes, 282, 283, 284
  (see Oeloet)

Kang-hsi, period, 272, 277, 279

K’ang Yo-wei, politician and scholar, 298-99

Kansu, province, 12, 14, 86, 87, 121, 124, 125, 129, 131, 132, 139, 140,
  142, 159, 163, 225, 292, 293, 324
  (see Tun-huang)

Kao-ch’ang, city state, 177

Kao, clan, 148

Kao-li, state, 126, 141, 222
  (see Korea)

Kao Ming, writer, 242

Kao Tsu, Han ruler, 71, 77

Kao Tsung, T’ang ruler, 179, 180

Kao Yang, ruler, 148

Kapok, textile fibre, 250

Kara Kitai, tribal federation, 223-4

Kashgar, city, 99, 282, 292

Kazak, tribal federation, 282, 283

Khalif (see Caliph), 293

Khamba, Tibetans, 310

Khan, Central Asian title, 149, 169, 176, 177, 186

Khocho, city, 177

Khotan, city, 99, 135, 174

King, position of, 24, 34, 42, 43; first kings, 19;
  religious character of kingship, 37
  (see Yao, Shun, Hsia dynasty, Emperor, Wang, Prince)

Kitan (Ch’i-tan), tribal federation, 184, 186, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207,
  208, 209, 221, 222 ff., 229, 241
  (see Liao dynasty)

Ko-shu Han, general, 184-5

Korea, 9, 88-89, 112, 126, 169 ff., 178, 181, 201, 219, 222, 265, 268,
  295, 296, 324, 329
  (see Kao-li, Pai-chi, Sin-lo)

K’ou Ch’ien-chih, Taoist, 147

Kowloon, city, 287

Ku Yen-wu, geographer, 279

Kuan Han-ch’ing, writer, 242

Kuang-hsue, period, 295 ff.

Kuang-wu Ti, Han ruler, 96 ff.

Kub(i)lai Khan, Mongol ruler, 234, 241

Kung-sun Lung, philosopher, 59