p. 217:  It is interesting to note that later Buddhism gave up its “social gospel” in China.  Buddhist circles in Asian countries at the present time attempt to revive this attitude.

p. 218:  For slaughtering I used A. Hulsewe; for greeting R. Michihata; on law Ch’ue T’ung-tsu; on philosophy I adapted ideas from Chan Wing-sit.

p. 219:  A comprehensive study of Chu Hsi is a great desideratum.  Thus far, we have in English mainly the essays by Feng Yu-lan (transl. and annotated by D. Bodde) in the Harvard Journal of Asiat.  Stud., vol. 7, 1942.  T. Makino emphasized Chu’s influence upon the Far East, J. Needham his interest in science.

p. 220:  For Su Tung-p’o as general introduction see Lin Yutang, The Gay Genius.  The Life and Times of Su Tungpo, New York 1947.—­For painting, I am using concepts of A. Soper here.

p. 222:  For this period the standard work is K. A. Wittfogel and Feng Chia-sheng, History of Chinese Society, Liao, Philadelphia 1949.—­Po-hai had been in tributary relations with the dynasties of North China before its defeat, and resumed these from 932 on; there were even relations with one of the South Chinese states; in the same way, Kao-li continuously played one state against the other (M.  Rogers et al.).

p. 223:  On the Kara-Kitai see Appendix to Wittfogel-Feng.

p. 228:  For the Hakka, I relied mainly upon Lo Hsiang-lin; for Chia Ssu-tao upon H. Franke.

p. 229:  The Ju-chen (Jurchen) are also called Nue-chih and Nue-chen, but Ju-chen seems to be correct (Studia Serica, vol. 3, No. 2).

Chapter Ten

p. 233:  I use here mainly Meng Ssu-liang, but also others, such as Chue Ch’ing-yuean and Li Chien-nung.—­The early political developments are described by H. D. Martin, The Rise of Chingis Khan and his Conquest of North China, Baltimore 1950.

p. 236:  I am alluding here to such Taoist sects as the Cheng-i-chiao (Sun K’o-k’uan and especially the study in Kita Aziya gakuho, vol. 2).

pp. 236-7:  For taxation and all other economic questions I have relied upon Wan Kuo-ting and especially upon H. Franke.  The first part of the main economic text is translated and annotated by H. F. Schurmann, Economic Structure of the Yuean Dynasty, Cambridge, Mass., 1956.

p. 237:  On migrations see T. Makino and others.—­For the system of communications during the Mongol time and the privileges of merchants, I used P. Olbricht.

p. 238:  For the popular rebellions of this time, I used a study in the Bull.  Acad.  Sinica, vol. 10, 1948, but also Meng Ssu-liang and others.

p. 239:  On the White Lotos Society (Pai-lien-hui) see note to previous page and an article by Hagiwara Jumpei.

p. 240:  H. Serruys, The Mongols in China during the Hung-wu Period, Bruges 1959, has studied in this book and in an article the fate of isolated Mongol groups in China after the breakdown of the dynasty.