p. 203:  For the Kitan (Chines:  Ch’i-tan) and their history see K. A. Wittfogel and Feng Chia-sheng, History of Chinese Society.  Liao, Philadelphia 1949.

p. 204:  For these dynasties, I rely upon my own research.—­Niida Noboru and Kato Shigeru have studied adoption laws; our specific case has in addition been studied by M. Kurihara.  This system of adoptions is non-Chinese and has its parallels among Turkish tribes (A.  Kollantz, Abdulkadir Inan, Osman Turan).

p. 207:  For the persecution I used K. Tamai and my own research.

p. 211:  This is based mainly upon my own research.—­The remark on tax income is from Ch’uean Han-sheng.

p. 212:  Fan Chung-yen has been studied recently by J. Fischer and D. Twitchett, but these notes on price policies are based upon my own work.—­I regard the statement, that it was the gentry which prevented the growth of an industrial society—­a statement which has often been made before—­as preliminary, and believe that further research, especially in the growth of cities and urban institutions may lead to quite different explanations.—­On estate management I relied on Y. Sudo’s work.

p. 213:  Research on place names such as mentioned here, has not yet been systematically done.—­On i-chuang I relied upon the work by T. Makino and D. Twitchett.—­This process of tax-evasion has been used by K. A. Wittfogel (1938) to construct a theory of a crisis cycle in China.  I do not think that such far-reaching conclusions are warranted.

p. 214:  This “law” was developed on the basis of Chinese materials from different periods as well as on materials from other parts of Asia.—­In the study of tenancy, cases should be studied in which wealthier farmers rent additional land which gets cultivated by farm labourers.  Such cases are well known from recent periods, but have not yet been studied in earlier periods.  At the same time, the problem of farm labourers should be investigated.  Such people were common in the Sung time.  Research along these lines could further clarify the importance of the so-called “guest families” (k’o-hu) which were alluded to in these pages.  They constituted often one third of the total population in the Sung period.  The problem of migration and mobility might also be clarified by studying the k’o-hu.

p. 215:  For Wang An-shih, the most comprehensive work is still H. Williamson’s Wang An-shih, London 1935, 3 vol., but this work in no way exhausts the problems.  We have so much personal data on Wang that a psychological study could be attempted; and we have since Williamson’s time much deeper insight into the reforms and theories of Wang.  I used, in addition to Williamson, O. Franke, and my own research.

p. 216:  Based mainly upon Ch’ue T’ung-tsu.—­For the social legislation see Hsue I-t’ang; for economic problems I used Ch’uean Han-sheng, Ts’en Chung-mien and Liu Ming-shu.—­Most of these relief measures had their precursors in the T’ang period.