the liberties and possess themselves of the lands of such native inhabitants, that a British protectorate should be established over a certain portion of such country and the islands adjacent thereto; and whereas Her Majesty, having taken into her gracious consideration the urgent necessity of her protection to such inhabitants, has directed me to proclaim such protection in a formal manner at this place,—­now I, James Elphinstone Erskine, Captain in the Royal Navy and Commodore of the Australian Station, one of Her Majesty’s naval aides-de-camp, do hereby, in the name of Her Most Gracious Majesty, declare and proclaim the establishment of such protectorate over such portions of the coast and the adjacent islands as is more particularly described in the schedule hereunto annexed; and I hereby proclaim and declare that no acquisition of land, whensoever or howsoever acquired, within the limits of the protectorate hereby established will be recognized by Her Majesty; and I do hereby, on behalf of Her Majesty, command and enjoin all persons whom it may concern to take notice of this proclamation.

   “Schedule.

“All that portion of the southern shores of New Guinea commencing from the boundary of that portion of the country claimed by the Government of the Netherlands on the 141st meridian of east longitude to East Cape, with all the islands adjacent thereto south of East Cape to Kosmann Island inclusive, together with the islands in the Goschen Straits.

   “Given on board Her Majesty’s ship Nelson, at the harbour of Port
   Moresby, on the 6th day of November, 1884.”

The die has thus been cast.  Already rumours that seem to have some foundation are in the air that the protectorate is soon to become annexation.  It should be the aim of all to see that, by the force of public opinion, the last portion of the heathen world that has come under English protection shall have, as the years pass, many and solid reasons for thanking God that He has so guided its destinies as to unite them to our great Empire.

CHAPTER I. EARLY EXPERIENCES.

Somerset—­Murray Island—­Darnley Island—­Boera—­Moresby—­Trip inland—­Sunday at Port Moresby—­Native funeral ceremonies—­Tupuselei—­Round Head—­Native salutations—­Kerepunu—­Teste Island—­Hoop-iron as an article of commerce—­Two teachers landed—­A tabooed place—­Moresby and Basilisk Islands—­South Cape—­House building—­Difficulties with the natives—­An anxious moment—­Thefts—­Dancing and cooking—­Visit to a native village—­Native shot on the Mayri—­Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers in danger—­Arrival of the Ellengowan.

Towards the close of 1877, Mr. Chalmers and Mr. McFarlane visited New Guinea for the purpose of exploring the coast, landing native teachers at suitable spots, and thus opening the way for future missionary effort.  What follows is given in Mr. Chalmers’s words:—­