Unlike those of many other American cities, the best houses of New York are ranged side by side without the interposition of the tiniest bit of garden or greenery; it is only in the striking but unfinished Riverside Drive, with its grand views of the Hudson, that architecture derives any aid whatsoever from natural formations or scenic conditions.  The student of architecture should not fail to note the success with which the problem of giving expression to a town house of comparatively simple outline has often been tackled, and he will find many charming single features, such as doors, or balconies, or windows.  Good examples of these are the exquisite oriel and other decorative features of the house of Mr. W.K.  Vanderbilt, by Mr. Hunt, in Fifth Avenue, at the corner of 52d Street, and specimens will also be found in 34th, 36th, 37th, 43d, 52d, 56th, and 57th Streets, near their junction with Fifth Avenue.  The W.H.  Vanderbilt houses (Fifth Avenue, between 50th and 51st Streets) have been described as “brown-stone boxes with architecture applique;” but the applied carving, though meaningless enough as far as its position goes, is so exquisite in itself as to deserve more than a passing glance.  The iron railings which surround the houses are beautiful specimens of metal-work.  The house of Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt, a little farther up the avenue, with its red brick and slates, and its articulations and dormers of grey limestone, is a good example of an effective use of colour in domestic architecture—­an effect which the clear, dry climate of New York admits and perpetuates.[26] The row of quiet oldtime houses on the north side of Washington Square will interest at least the historical student of architecture, so characteristic are they of times of restfulness and peace to which New York has long been a stranger.  Down towards the point of the island, in the “city” proper, the visitor will find many happy creations for modern mercantile purposes, besides such older objects of architectural interest as Trinity Church and the City Hall, praised by Professor Freeman and many other connoisseurs of both continents.  Among these business structures may be named the “Post Building,” the building of the Union Trust Company (No. 80 Broadway), and the Guernsey Building (also in Broadway).  At the extreme apex of Manhattan Island lie the historic Bowling Green and Battery Park, the charm of which has not been wholly annihilated by the intrusion of the elevated railway.  Here rises the huge rotunda of Castle Garden, through which till lately all the immigrants to New York made their entry into the New World.  Surely this has a pathetic interest of its own when we consider what this landing meant to so many thousands of the poor and needy.  A suitable motto for its hospitable portals would have been, “Imbibe new hope, all ye who enter here.”