remarks, many fall into sin, even to the present day.  Kaodeja, another evil angel, taught the human race all the wicked practices of spirits and demons, and also magic and exorcism.  The offspring of the fallen angels and of the daughters of men, were giants whose height was 3,000 ells, of these are the demons working evil upon earth.  Azayel taught men various arts, the making of bracelets and ornaments, the use of cosmetics, the way to beautify the eyebrows, precious stones and all dye-stuffs and metals, &c.  The stars are represented as animated beings.  Enoch sees seven stars bound together in space like great mountains, and flaming with fire, and he enquires of the angel who leads him on account of what sin they are so bound.  Uriel informs him that they are stars which have transgressed the commands of the Most High, and they are thus bound until ten thousand worlds, the number of the days of their transgression, shall be accomplished.”  So far for the “Angelology.”  As to the demons, “Their number is infinite ... they are about as close as the earth thrown up out of a newly made grave.  It is stated that each man has 10,000 demons at his right hand, and 1,000 on his left.  The crush in the synagogue on the Sabbath arises from them, also the dresses of the Rabbins become so old and torn through their rubbing; in like manner also they cause the tottering of the feet.  He who wishes to discover these spirits must take sifted ashes and strew them about his bed, and in the morning he will perceive their footprints upon them like a cock’s tread.  If any one wish to see them, he must take the after-birth of a black cat, which has been littered by a first-born black cat, and whose mother was also a first-birth, burn and reduce it to powder, and put some of it on his eyes, and he will see them.” (Vol. i. pp. 104 and 111).  And this is the stuff which the author would have us believe was the real origin of the supernatural in the life of Jesus!

[170:1] See also Mark v. 42 (healing of Jairus’ daughter), “They were astonished with a great astonishment.”  Mark vii. 37 (healing of deaf man with impediment in his speech), “They were beyond measure astonished.”  Luke v. 9, “He was astonished at the draught of fishes;” viii. 56, “Her parents were astonished.”

[178:1] There cannot be the slightest doubt but that certain cases of madness or mania present all the appearances of possession as it is described in Scripture.  Another personality, generally intensely evil, has possession of the mind, speaks instead of the afflicted person, throws the patient into convulsions,—­in fact, exhibits all the symptoms of the ancient demoniacs.  I have now before me the record of five or six such cases attested by German physicians.

[183:1] The reader will find the references to it discussed in a dissertation at the end of Whiston’s “Josephus.”  Lardner utterly denies its authenticity.  Daubuz, however, has, I think, clearly proved its style and phraseology to be those of Josephus.