Niagara Falls flooded with light 305

Artificial light honoring those who fell and those
who returned 320

The expressiveness of light in churches 321

Obtaining two different moods in a room by a portable lamp which supplies direct and indirect components of light 336

The lights of New York City 337

Artificial light in community affairs 352

Panama-Pacific Exposition 353

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

I

LIGHT AND PROGRESS

The human race was born in slavery, totally subservient to nature.  The earliest primitive beings feasted or starved according to nature’s bounty and sweltered or shivered according to the weather.  When night fell they sought shelter with animal instinct, for not only were activities almost completely curtailed by darkness but beyond its screen lurked many dangers.  It is interesting to philosophize upon a distinction between a human being and the animal just below him in the scale, but it may serve the present purpose to distinguish the human being as that animal in whom there is an unquenchable and insatiable desire for independence.  The effort to escape from the bondage of nature is not solely a human instinct; animals burrow or build retreats through the instinct of self-preservation.  But this instinct in animals is soon satisfied, whereas in human beings it has been leading ever onward toward complete emancipation.

The progress of civilization is a long chain of countless achievements each one of which has increased man’s independence.  Early man perhaps did not conceive the idea of fire and then set out to produce it.  His infant mind did not operate in this manner.  But when he accidentally struck a spark, produced fire by friction, or discovered it in some other manner, he saw its possibility.  It is thrilling to picture primitive man at his first bonfire, enjoying the warmth, or at least interested in it.  But how wonderful it must have become as twilight’s curtain was drawn across the heavens!  This controllable fire emitted light.  It is easy to imagine primitive man pondering over this phenomenon with his sluggish mind.  Doubtless he cautiously picked up a flaming stick and timidly explored the crowding darkness.  Perhaps he carried it into his cave and behold! night had retreated from his abode!  No longer was it necessary for him to retire to his bed of leaves when daylight failed.  The fire not only banished the chill of night but was a power over darkness.  Viewed from the standpoint of civilization, its discovery was one of the greatest strides along the highway of human progress.  The activities of man were no longer bounded by sunrise and sunset.  The march of civilization had begun.