of incandescent filament search-lights.  About 225 of these units were used with a total beam candle-power of about 20,000,000.  The original idea of an imitation flame for the torch was restored by building this from pieces of yellow cathedral glass of three densities.  About six hundred pieces of glass were used, the upper ones being generally of the lighter tints and the lower ones of the darker tints.  A lighthouse lens was placed in this lantern so that an intense beam of light would radiate from it.  The flood-lighted Statue of Liberty is now visible by night as well as by day and it has a double significance at night, for light also symbolizes independence.

Just as the Statue of Liberty stands alone in the New York Harbor so does the Woolworth Building reign supreme on lower Manhattan.  Liberty proclaims independence from the bondage of man and the Woolworth Tower stands majestically in defiance of the elements as a symbol of man’s growing independence of nature.  This building with its cream terra-cotta surface and intricate architectural details touched here and there with buff, blue, green, red, and gold, rises 792 feet or sixty stories above the street and typifies the American spirit of conceiving and of executing great undertakings.  In it are blended art, utility, and majesty.  Viewed by multitudes during the day, it is a valuable advertisement for the name which stands for a national institution.  But by day it shares attention with its surroundings.  If lighted at night it would stand virtually alone against the dark sky and the investment would not be wholly idle during the evening hours.

Mr. H. H. Magdsick, who designed the lighting for Liberty, planned the lighting for the Woolworth Tower, which rises 407 feet or thirty-one stories above the main building.  Five hundred and fifty projectors containing tungsten filament lamps were distributed about the base of the tower and among some of the architectural details.  The main architectural features of the mansard roof extending from the fifty-third to the fifty-seventh floor, the observation balcony at the fifty-eighth and the lantern structures at the fifty-ninth and sixtieth floors are covered with gold-leaf.  By proper placing of the projectors a glittering effect is obtained from these gold surfaces.  The crowning features of the lighting effect are the lanterns in the crest of the spire.  Twenty-four 1000-watt tungsten lamps were placed behind crystal diffusing glass, which transmits the light predominantly in a horizontal direction.  Thus at long distances, from which the architectural details cannot be distinguished, the brilliant crowning light is visible.  An automatic dimmer was devised so that the effect of a huge varying flame was obtained.  At close range, owing to the nature of the glass panels, this portion is not much brighter than the remainder of the surfaces.  When the artificial lighting is in operation the tower becomes a majestic spire of light and this magnificent Gothic structure projecting defiantly into the depths of darkness is in more than one sense a torch of modern civilization.