[88] In Hartmann Schedel’s time, Salzburg—­which was then considered as the
    CAPITAL OF BAVARIA—­“was surrounded by great walls, and was adorned by
    many beautiful buildings of temples and monasteries.”  A view of
    Salzburg, which was formerly called JUVAVIA, is subjoined in the
    Nuremberg Chronicle, fol.  CLIII. edit. 1493.  Consult
    also the Chronicon Gotvvicense, 1732, folio, pt. ii. p.
    760—­for some particulars respecting the town taking its name from the
    river Juvavia or Igonta.  Salzburg was an Archbishopric founded by
    Charlemagne:  see the Script.  Rer.  German. edited by Nidanus et
    Struvius, 1726 folio, vol. i. p. 525.

[89] On the morning following my arrival at Salzburg, I purchased a card,
    and small chart of the adjacent country and mountains.  Of the latter,
    the Gross Klokner, Klein Klokner, are each about 12000
    feet above the level of the sea; The Weisbachhorn is about
    11000 feet of similar altitude; Der Hohe Narr about the same
    height; and the Hohe Warte about 10,000; while the
    Ankogl and Herzog Ernst, are 9000 each.  The lowest is
    the Gaisberg of 4000 feet; but there is a regular gradation in
    height, from the latter, to the Gross Klokner, including about 25
    mountains.

    [Illustration]

LETTER VIII.

SALZBURG.  TO CHREMSMINSTER.  THE LAKE GMUNDEN.  THE MONASTERY OF CHREMSMINSTER.  LINTZ.

Lintz; on the road to Vienna, Aug. 26, 1818.

In order that I may not be too much in arrear in my correspondence, I snatch an hour or two at this place, to tell you what have been my sights and occupations since I quitted the extraordinary spot whence I last addressed you.  Learn therefore, at the outset, that I have been, if possible, more gratified than heretofore.  I have shaped my course along devious roads, by the side of huge impending mountains; have skirted more than one lake of wide extent and enchanting transparency; have navigated the celebrated Lake of Gmunden from one end to the other—­the greater part of which is surrounded by rocky yet fertilized mountains of a prodigious height;—­have entered one of the noblest and richest monasteries of Austria—­and darted afterwards through a country, on every side pleasing by nature, and interesting from history.  My only regret is, that all this has been accomplished with too much precipitancy; and that I have been compelled to make sketches in my mind, as it were, when the beauty of the objects demanded a finished picture.