infidels, kings, whole nations, are sacrificed to him.  The zealous servants of this barbarous God go so far as to believe that they are obliged to offer themselves as a sacrifice to him.  Everywhere we see zealots who, after having sadly meditated upon their terrible God, imagine that, in order to please him, they must do themselves all the harm possible, and inflict upon themselves, in his honor, all imaginable torments.  In a word, everywhere the baneful ideas of Divinity, far from consoling men for misfortunes incident to their existence, have filled the heart with trouble, and given birth to follies destructive to them.  How could the human mind, filled with frightful phantoms and guided by men interested in perpetuating its ignorance and its fear, make progress?  Man was compelled to vegetate in his primitive stupidity; he was preserved only by invisible powers, upon whom his fate was supposed to depend.  Solely occupied with his alarms and his unintelligible reveries, he was always at the mercy of his priests, who reserved for themselves the right of thinking for him and of regulating his conduct.

Thus man was, and always remained, a child without experience, a slave without courage, a loggerhead who feared to reason, and who could never escape from the labyrinth into which his ancestors had misled him; he felt compelled to groan under the yoke of his Gods, of whom he knew nothing except the fabulous accounts of their ministers.  These, after having fettered him by the ties of opinion, have remained his masters or delivered him up defenseless to the absolute power of tyrants, no less terrible than the Gods, of whom they were the representatives upon the earth.  Oppressed by the double yoke of spiritual and temporal power, it was impossible for the people to instruct themselves and to work for their own welfare.  Thus, religion, politics, and morals became sanctuaries, into which the profane were not permitted to enter.  Men had no other morality than that which their legislators and their priests claimed as descended from unknown empyrean regions.  The human mind, perplexed by these theological opinions, misunderstood itself, doubted its own powers, mistrusted experience, feared truth, disdained its reason, and left it to blindly follow authority.  Man was a pure machine in the hands of his tyrants and his priests, who alone had the right to regulate his movements.  Always treated as a slave, he had at all times and in all places the vices and dispositions of a slave.

These are the true sources of the corruption of habits, to which religion never opposes anything but ideal and ineffectual obstacles; ignorance and servitude have a tendency to make men wicked and unhappy.  Science, reason, liberty, alone can reform them and render them more happy; but everything conspires to blind them and to confirm them in their blindness.  The priests deceive them, tyrants corrupt them in order to subjugate them more easily.  Tyranny has been,