not the power to balance the present interests of the majority of men.  Religious principles are always put aside when they are opposed to ardent desires; without being incredulous, they act as if they believed nothing.  We risk being deceived when we judge the opinions of men by their conduct or their conduct by their opinions.  A very religious man, notwithstanding the austere and cruel principles of a bloody religion, will sometimes be, by a fortunate inconsistency, humane, tolerant, moderate; in this case the principles of his religion do not agree with the mildness of his disposition.  A libertine, a debauchee, a hypocrite, an adulterer, or a thief will often show us that he has the clearest ideas of morals.  Why do they not practice them?  It is because neither their temperament, their interests, nor their habits agree with their sublime theories.  The rigid principles of Christian morality, which so many attempt to pass off as Divine, have but very little influence upon the conduct of those who preach them to others.  Do they not tell us every day to do what they preach, and not what they practice?

The religious partisans generally designate the incredulous as libertines.  It may be that many incredulous people are immoral; this immorality is due to their temperament, and not to their opinions.  But what has their conduct to do with these opinions?  Can not an immoral man be a good physician, a good architect, a good geometer, a good logician, a good metaphysician?  With an irreproachable conduct, one can be ignorant upon many things, and reason very badly.  When truth is presented, it matters not from whom it comes.  Let us not judge men by their opinions, or opinions by men; let us judge men by their conduct; and their opinions by their conformity with experience, reason, and their usefulness for mankind.

CLXXXII.—–­Reason leads men to irreligion and to atheism, because religion is absurd, and the god of the priests is A malicious and ferocious being.

Every man who reasons soon becomes incredulous, because reasoning proves to him that theology is but a tissue of falsehoods; that religion is contrary to all principles of common sense; that it gives a false color to all human knowledge.  The rational man becomes incredulous, because he sees that religion, far from rendering men happier, is the first cause of the greatest disorders, and of the permanent calamities with which the human race is afflicted.  The man who seeks his well-being and his own tranquillity, examines his religion and is undeceived, because he finds it inconvenient and useless to pass his life in trembling at phantoms which are made but to intimidate silly women or children.  If, sometimes, libertinage, which reasons but little, leads to irreligion, the man who is regular in his