accession of Austria the grand alliance had now gained
a manifest superiority, as well in regard to the number
of troops as to the geographical advantages of the
theatre of war and resources. After the renewal
of hostilities Napoleon still seemed determined to
pursue his plan of advancing beyond the Oder.
The allies were not to be deceived by these demonstrations,
but unexpectedly took post with their main force in
Bohemia, along the Saxon frontier, leaving in Silesia
and Brandenburg, where the crown-prince of Sweden
had by this time arrived with his gallant troops,
armies strong enough to keep him in check by a vigorous
defensive system. The great Bohemian army was
destined for offensive operations. This plan
was equally grand and judicious. Silesia, and
all Saxony, to the Elbe, could not fail, in consequence,
to be lost to Napoleon. That river, while he
had only Prussia and Russia to encounter, was a sure
support in his rear; but no sooner had Austria declared
herself than it was no longer of any military consequence.
Dresden was the central point for the French army.
There were organized all the military bureaus, and
all the branches of administration for the economy
of the army. The allies opened the campaign with
a hasty advance upon that important city. If
the enterprise proved successful, its consequences
would be incalculable; if it miscarried, nothing would
be lost for the grand object; and at any rate the
expedition would be a diversion, which would immediately
draw the French out of Silesia. Napoleon now
saw how egregiously he was deceived in his reckoning.
He hastened precipitately to save the Saxon capital.
The army arrived breathless. The allies were
already assaulting the suburbs; and, had Napoleon
come one hour later, Dresden would have been in their
power. Owing to the unexpected appearance of
so prodigious a force, and still more to physical
accidents, the grand enterprise of the allies miscarried.
The battle of Dresden terminated to their disadvantage,
but their primary object was attained. Napoleon’s
force was divided into three great armies. Should
any of them sustain a defeat, all Saxony to the right
of the Elbe would be lost to him. The engagements
of Jauer, Grossbeeren, and Dennewitz, proved disastrous
to the French generals, and Lusatia and the right
bank of the Elbe were soon in the hands of the allies.
All the attempts to penetrate to Prague and Berlin
ended in the discomfiture and annihilation of whole
French corps. Oudinot, Ney, Regnier, Bertrand,
and the terrible Vandamme, were in succession so totally
defeated, that it was not possible even for the French
reporters, with all their address, to cloak their disasters.
The allies every where acted offensively. Saxony,
surrounded by Silesia, Bohemia, and Brandenburg, was
now, from its situation, likely to become, earlier
or later, the grave of the French armies: the
allies had every where the choice of their operations;
they were neither to be turned nor broken through.