[Footnote 50:  On my return from Sennaar, I descended by the river as far as Berber.  On the way I did see some few water-wheels, which, however, were employed merely to water the patches of ground devoted to raising vegetables.]

[Footnote 51:  The Pasha had invited the Malek of Shendi and the Malek of Halfya to accompany him to Sennaar.  The Malek of Halfya excused himself on account of his age and infirmities, but sent his eldest son along with the Pasha.  By this stroke of policy the Pasha made the tranquility of the powerful provinces of Shendi and Halfya certain; and the advance of his army without risk from an insurrection in his rear; as the people of those provinces would hardly dare to make any hostile movement while the chief of one province and the heir of the Malek of the other were in our camp.  Nymmer, the Malek of Shendi, is a grave and venerable man of about 65 years of age, very dignified in his deportment, and highly respectable for his morals.  The Malek of Halfya I have not seen.]

[Footnote 52:  The present Sultan of Sennaar is a young man of about 26 years of age; he is black, his mother having been a Egress.  He was taken out of prison, where he had been confined for eighteen years by his predecessor, who was massacred by the party who placed him upon the throne.  This revolution had taken place not very long before our march to Sennaar.  His name is Bady.]

[Footnote 53:  The natives told me that this palace had been built eighteen years ago, by the late good Sultan that they had had, who had planted before it rows of trees, which had been destroyed when the palace was ruined, as I understood them, in the wars between the different competitors for the throne during the last eighteen years.]

[Footnote 54:  The river Nile lost its transparency four days before the army reached Sennaar.  The day that presents the river troubled, marks the commencement of its augmentation.  The day before we observed this change in the Nile, its waters were very clear and transparent.  The day after, they were brown with mud.]

[Footnote 55:  Sennaar has three market-places.  On our arrival we found them deserted, but on assurances from the Pasha that all sellers should receive a fair price for their commodities, the principal one in a few days began to be filled.  The articles I saw there during my stay in Sennaar, were as follows:  Meat of camels, kine, sheep, and goats; a few cat-fish from the river, plenty of a vegetable called meholakea; some limes, a few melons, cucumbers, dried barmea, a vegetable common in Egypt; beans, durra, duchan, tobacco of the country, plenty of gum arable, with which, by the way, Sennaar abounds, (the natives use it in their cookery;) drugs and spices brought from Gidda, among which I observed ginger, pepper, and cloves; and great quantities of dried odoriferous herbs found in Sennaar, with which the natives season their dishes; to which must be added, aplenty of the