20th of Safa.  In the morning, left the laud with the wind almost ahead.  After sailing about three miles, the rais found it necessary to put to shore, as the wind was strong and too much ahead.  Stayed by the land till nearly noon, when the wind appearing to me and others on board, more favorable, we, after some hard words with the rais, persuaded him to get under way, the wind being about the same as in the morning, and very strong.  In about an hour we arrived at a bend in the river, which enabled us to bring the wind aft.

We proceeded with great rapidity, threading the rocks and shoals with which the river here abounds, till we came in view of a rapid ahead.  We had been informed, two days ago, that there was a dangerous rapid between us and Dongola, and we congratulated ourselves that the wind was fair and strong to push us through it; we passed it happily, though not without peril.  We felicitated ourselves on having cleared the only obstacle, as we supposed, between us and the place of our destination, when we came in view of another, of a more formidable appearance than any we had yet seen.  The passage lay where the river rolled furiously over rocks under water, and between shores there was no approaching, on account of the shoals and rocks above and under water which lined them.  The strong wind forced our boat alongside of another that was struggling and reeling in the passage, to the imminent danger of both.  To clear this boat, our rais ventured to pass ours over a place where the foam and fury of the water indicated latent rocks.  We hardly dared to breathe, but we did not strike here, but half a minute after we were fast upon a sand bank.  We stayed in this condition for about a quarter of an hour, having in view close by us the wreck of a boat lost here.  With considerable difficulty our boat was disengaged, when we put her before the wind and again faced this truly infernal pass.  By the force of the current, the boat neared a large and furious whirlpool, formed by an eddy on the side of the passage.  The steersman endeavored, in vain, to counteract this drift of the boat by the aid of the rudder.  The side of the boat approached to within a yard of the white foam which covered this dreadful spot.  Our rais tore his turban from his head, and lifted his clasped hands to Heaven, exclaiming, “We are lost!” The rest of the boatmen were screaming to God and the prophet for aid, when, I know not how, but by the good Providence that watched over us, the boat cleared this peril, and others that beset us in passing yet two more rapids almost as dangerous.  On passing the last, we found the river divided lengthways, by a ridge of rocks and low islands covered with verdure.  On the right or west side of this ridge, where we were, the view ahead presented our side of the river crowded with rocks, which we could not pass.  The singular ridge already mentioned, presented, however, some gaps, which afforded passages into that part of the river that was on the other