2.  The barbarisms of the masses must be attacked.  This can only be done by a scheme of universal education.

3.  The material level of civilisation should be raised.  This means agricultural and industrial development, in which technical education would play a large part.

Therefore, your method may be summed up in two words, sympathy and education.  The first is mainly, of course, a personal question.  Therefore, preserve at all costs a high standard of personnel for I.C.S.  Try to get imaginative men at the top.  Let all ranks understand from the outset the aim they have to work for, and let Indians know it.  Above all let every official act prove it, confidence is a plant of slow and tender growth here.  Beware of phrases and western formulae; probably the benevolent autocrat, whether English or Indian, will always govern better than a committee or an assembly.

The second—­education—­is a question of L s. d. The aim should be a far-sighted and comprehensive scheme.  A great effort to get the adequate funds should be made and a scheme capable of ready expansion started.  Reform of higher education will be very unpopular, but should be firmly and thoroughly carried out; it ought not to cost much.  The bulk of the money at first should go to technical education and the encouragement of agriculture and industry.  This will be remunerative, by increasing the country’s wealth.  Elementary education would have to begin by supplying schools where asked for, at a certain rate.  From this they would aim at making it gradually universal, then free, then compulsory.  But that will be many years hence inevitably.

I should work at a policy on these lines:  announce it, invite Indian co-operation, and meanwhile deal very firmly with all forms of disorder.

* * * * *

AGRA.

August 12th, 1915.

To R.K.

This last list is almost more than I can bear.  It is hardly possible to think of poor dear Gilbert as killed.  Do let me know how Foss is and how he gets on.  Your letters are such a joy, and they give me news I get from nobody else.

I’m afraid my share in the correspondence may become even less than before, as I shall henceforth be on more than nominally active service and under the eye of the censor.

Luly is clamouring for lunch, which we eat at 11, and I shall have no peace afterwards till the ship reaches a landlocked bit of Gulf:  so goodbye for the present.

* * * * *

“S.S.  VARSOVA,”

BOMBAY.

August 16th, 1915.

TO HIS MOTHER.

I shall just have time to write you a line about our journey so far, and may be able to write to Papa later.