creatures.  Of course the filthy habits of the natives encourage them.  The streets are littered with every kind of food-scraps and dirt:  and the Arab has only two W.C.’s—­the street and the river.  Our chief tyranny in his eyes is that we have posted sanitary police about who fine him 2_s_. if he uses either:  but like all reforms it is evaded on a large scale.  The theory that the sun sweetens everything is not quite true.  Even after several days’ sun manure is very offensive and prolific:  and many parts of the streets are not reached by the sun at all:  and in any case the flies get to work much sooner than the sun.

We have just had news from the front that a successful action has been fought, the enemy’s left flank turned and several hundred prisoners taken—­our own casualties under 500.  So the show seems to have come off up to time.  We were afraid it might have to be postponed, as a raiding party got round and cut our L. of C., but this does not appear to have worried them.  I hope they will be able to follow this success up and capture all their guns and stores, if not a large proportion of their forces.

Two days ago we got the best news that we have had for a very long time from both European fronts, an advance of from one to three miles over nearly half the Western front, with about 14,000 prisoners:  and Russian reports of 8,000 dead in front of one position and captures totalling something like 20,000.  Since then no news has come through, which is very tantalising, as one longs to know whether the forward move has been continued.  I am afraid even if it has there will be more enormous casualty lists than ever.

The most boring thing about this place is that there are no amusing ways of taking exercise, which is necessary to keep one fit.  As a double Coy.  Commander I have a horse, a quiet old mare which does nothing worse than shy and give an occasional little buck on starting to canter.  But the rides are very dull.  There are only three which one may call A, B and C, thus: 

[Illustration]

A is the flooded area, and when it is dry it is caked as hard as brick, and not a vegetable to vary the landscape.

B takes one through the little ground, the four cemeteries, and the deserted brick-kilns:  by the time one is through these it is generally time to go home:  and even beyond it is market gardens and one can only ride on foot-paths:  and there are only two foot-paths through the barbed wire defences.

C is good soft-surfaced desert, much the best riding ground though its virtues are negative.  But to reach it one has to cross the Tigris by the boat-bridge, and this is apt to be cut at any moment for the passage of boats, which means a delay of half an hour, not to be lightly risked before breakfast:  and in the afternoons the interval between excessive sun and darkness is very brief.  It is too hot to ride with pleasure before 4.30 and the sun sets at 5.30:  and the dusty wind is at its worst till about 5.