Arriving about two in the morning (by another of his almost incredible forced marches) on the heights of Rivoli, he, the moonlight being clear, could distinguish five separate encampments, with innumerable watch-fires, in the valley below.  His lieutenant, confounded by the display of this gigantic force, was in the very act of abandoning the position.  Napoleon instantly checked this movement; and bringing up more battalions, forced the Croats from an eminence which they had already seized on the first symptoms of the French retreat.  Napoleon’s keen eye, surveying the position of the five encampments below, penetrated the secret of Alvinzi; namely, that his artillery had not yet arrived, otherwise he would not have occupied ground so distant from the object of attack.  He concluded that the Austrian did not mean to make his grand assault very early in the morning, and resolved to force him to anticipate that movement.  For this purpose, he took all possible pains to conceal his own arrival; and prolonged, by a series of petty manoeuvres, the enemy’s belief that he had to do with a mere outpost of the French.  Alvinzi swallowed the deceit; and, instead of advancing on some great and well-arranged system, suffered his several columns to endeavour to force the heights by insulated movements, which the real strength of Napoleon easily enabled him to baffle.  It is true that at one moment the bravery of the Germans had nearly overthrown the French on a point of pre-eminent importance; but Napoleon himself galloping to the spot, roused by his voice and action the division of Massena, who, having marched all night, had lain down to rest in the extreme of weariness, and seconded by them and their gallant general,[13] swept everything before him.  The French artillery was in position:  the Austrian (according to Napoleon’s shrewd guess) had not yet come up, and this circumstance decided the fortune of the day.  The cannonade from the heights, backed by successive charges of horse and foot, rendered every attempt to storm the summit abortive; and the main body of the Imperialists was already in confusion, and, indeed, in flight, before one of their divisions, which had been sent round to outflank Buonaparte, and take higher ground in his rear, was able to execute its errand.  When, accordingly, this division (that of Lusignan) at length achieved its destined object—­it did so, not to complete the misery of a routed, but to swell the prey of a victorious enemy.  Instead of cutting off the retreat of Joubert, Lusignan found himself insulated from Alvinzi, and forced to lay down his arms to Buonaparte.  “Here was a good plan,” said Napoleon, “but these Austrians are not apt to calculate the value of minutes.”  Had Lusignan gained the rear of the French an hour earlier, while the contest was still hot in front of the heights of Rivoli, he might have made the 14th of January one of the darkest, instead of one of the brightest days, in the military chronicles of Napoleon.