The statesmen who ventured, even after Brumaire, to oppose the investiture of Buonaparte with the whole power of the state, had, at first (as we have seen) attempted to confine him to the military department; or so arrange it that his orders, as to civil affairs, should, at least, not be absolute.  Failing in this, they then proposed that the Chief Consul should be incapable of heading an army in the field, without abdicating previously his magistracy; and to their surprise, Napoleon at once acceded to a proposition which, it had been expected, would rouse his indignation.  It now turned out how much the saving clause in question was worth.  The Chief Consul could not, indeed, be general-in-chief of an army; but he could appoint whom he pleased to that post; and there was no law against his being present, in his own person, as a spectator of the campaign.  It signified little that a Berthier should write himself commander, when a Napoleon was known to be in the camp.

It was now time that the great project should be realised.  The situation of the “army of Italy” was become most critical.  After a variety of petty engagements, its general saw his left wing (under Suchet) wholly cut off from his main body; and, while Suchet was forced to retire behind the Var, where his troops had the utmost difficulty in presenting any serious opposition to the Austrians, Massena had been compelled to throw himself with the remainder into Genoa.  In that city he was speedily blockaded by the Austrian general Ott; while the imperial commander-in-chief, Melas, advanced with 30,000 upon Nice—­of which place he took possession on the 11th of May.  The Austrians, having shut up Massena, and well knowing the feebleness of Suchet’s division, were in a delirium of joy.  The gates of France appeared, at length, to be open before them; and it was not such an army of reserve as had excited the merriment of their spies at Dijon that could hope to withstand them in their long-meditated march on Provence—­where Pichegru, as they supposed, was prepared to assume the command of a numerous body of royalist insurgents, as soon as he should receive intelligence of their entrance into France.  But they were soon to hear news of another complexion from whence they least expected it—­from behind them.

The Chief Consul remained in Paris until he received Berthier’s decisive despatch from Geneva—­it was in these words:  “I wish to see you here.  There are orders to be given by which three armies may act in concert, and you alone can give them in the lines.  Measures decided on in Paris are too late.”  He instantly quitted the capital; and, on the 7th of May appeared at Dijon, where he reviewed, in great form, some 7000 or 8000 raw and half-clad troops, and committed them to the care of Brune.  The spies of Austria reaped new satisfaction from this consular review:  meanwhile Napoleon had halted but two hours at Dijon; and, travelling all night, arrived the next day, at Geneva.  Here