In apparent contradiction to his statement in Hypotyposes I., that Scepticism and Empiricism are opposed to each other, in that Empiricism denies the possibility of knowledge, and Scepticism makes no dogmatic statements of any kind, Sextus classes the Sceptics and Empiricists together in another instance, as regarding knowledge as impossible[6] [Greek:  all oi men phasin auta me katalambanesthai, hoster hoi apo tes empeirias iatroi kai hoi apo tes skepseos phiolosophoi].  In another case, on the contrary, he contrasts the Sceptics sharply with the Empiricists in regard to the [Greek:  apodeixeis].[7] [Greek:  hoi de empeirikoi anairousin, hoi de skeptikoi en epoche tauten ephylaxan].

    [1] Hyp. ii. 238.

    [2] Adv.  Math.  A. 260.

    [3] Adv.  Math. vii. 202.

    [4] Adv.  Math.  A. 61.

    [5] Zeller Op. cit.. iii. 43.

    [6] Adv.  Math. viii. 191.

    [7] Adv.  Math. VIII. 328.

Pappenheim thinks that Sextus belonged to the Methodical School, both from his strong expression in favor of that school in Hyp.  I. 236, as above, and also because many of his medical opinions, as found in his works, agree with the teachings of the Methodical School, more nearly than with those of the Empiricists.  Pappenheim also claims that we find no inconsistency with this view in the passage given where Sextus classes the Sceptics with the Empiricists, but considers that statement an instance of carelessness in expressing himself, on the part of Sextus.[1]

    [1] Lebensverhaeltnisse des Sex.  Em. 36.

The position of Pappenheim is assailable for the reason that in dealing with any problem regarding an author on the basis of internal evidence, we have no right to consider one of his statements worthy of weight, and another one unworthy, on the supposition that he expressed himself carelessly in the second instance.  Rather must we attempt to find his true standpoint by fairly meeting all the difficulties offered in apparently conflicting passages.  This has been attempted by Zeller, Brochard, Natorp and others, with the general result that all things considered they think without doubt that Sextus belonged to the Empirical School.[1] His other references are too strong to allow his fidelity to it to be doubted.  He is called one of the leaders of Empiricism by Pseudo-Galen, and his only medical work bore the title [Greek:  empeirika hupomnemata.] The opinion of the writers above referred to is that the passage which we have quoted from the Hypotyposes does not necessarily mean that Sextus was not an Empiricist, but as he was more of a Sceptic than a physician, he gave preference to those doctrines that were most consistent with Scepticism, and accordingly claimed that it was not absolutely necessary that a Sceptic physician should be an Empiricist.  Natorp considers that the different