and that the body follows us about in the likeness
of each of us, and therefore, when we are dead, the
bodies of the dead are quite rightly said to be our
shades or images; for the true and immortal being
of each one of us which is called the soul goes on
her way to other Gods, before them to give an account—
which is an inspiring hope to the good, but very terrible
to the bad, as the laws of our fathers tell us; and
they also say that not much can be done in the way
of helping a man after he is dead. But the living—he
should be helped by all his kindred, that while in
life he may be the holiest and justest of men, and
after death may have no great sins to be punished
in the world below. If this be true, a man ought
not to waste his substance under the idea that all
this lifeless mass of flesh which is in process of
burial is connected with him; he should consider that
the son, or brother, or the beloved one, whoever he
may be, whom he thinks he is laying in the earth,
has gone away to complete and fulfil his own destiny,
and that his duty is rightly to order the present,
and to spend moderately on the lifeless altar of the
Gods below. But the legislator does not intend
moderation to be taken in the sense of meanness.
Let the law, then, be as follows: The expenditure
on the entire funeral of him who is of the highest
class, shall not exceed five minae; and for him who
is of the second class, three minae, and for him who
is of the third class, two minae, and for him who
is of the fourth class, one mina, will be a fair limit
of expense. The guardians of the law ought to
take especial care of the different ages of life,
whether childhood, or manhood, or any other age.
And at the end of all, let there be some one guardian
of the law presiding, who shall be chosen by the friends
of the deceased to superintend, and let it be glory
to him to manage with fairness and moderation what
relates to the dead, and a discredit to him if they
are not well managed. Let the laying out and
other ceremonies be in accordance with custom, but
to the statesman who adopts custom as his law we must
give way in certain particulars. It would be monstrous
for example that he should command any man to weep
or abstain from weeping over the dead; but he may
forbid cries of lamentation, and not allow the voice
of the mourner to be heard outside the house; also,
he may forbid the bringing of the dead body into the
open streets, or the processions of mourners in the
streets, and may require that before daybreak they
should be outside the city. Let these, then,
be our laws relating to such matters, and let him
who obeys be free from penalty; but he who disobeys
even a single guardian of the law shall be punished
by them all with a fitting penalty. Other modes
of burial, or again the denial of burial, which is
to be refused in the case of robbers of temples and
parricides and the like, have been devised and are
embodied in the preceding laws, so that now our work
of legislation is pretty nearly at an end; but in
all cases the end does not consist in doing something
or acquiring something or establishing something—the
end will be attained and finally accomplished, when
we have provided for the perfect and lasting continuance
of our institutions; until then our creation is incomplete.