by lot of judges to courts and the completion of the
number of them, and the appointment of servants to
the different magistrates, and the times at which the
several causes should be heard, and the votings and
delays, and all the things that necessarily concern
suits, and the order of causes, and the time in which
answers have to be put in and parties are to appear—of
these and other things akin to these we have indeed
already spoken, but there is no harm in repeating
what is right twice or thrice: All lesser and
easier matters which the elder legislator has omitted
may be supplied by the younger one. Private courts
will be sufficiently regulated in this way, and the
public and state courts, and those which the magistrates
must use in the administration of their several offices,
exist in many other states. Many very respectable
institutions of this sort have been framed by good
men, and from them the guardians of the law may by
reflection derive what is necessary for the order
of our new state, considering and correcting them,
and bringing them to the test of experience, until
every detail appears to be satisfactorily determined;
and then putting the final seal upon them, and making
them irreversible, they shall use them for ever afterwards.
As to what relates to the silence of judges and the
abstinence from words of evil omen and the reverse,
and the different notions of the just and good and
honourable which exist in our own as compared with
other states, they have been partly mentioned already,
and another part of them will be mentioned hereafter
as we draw near the end. To all these matters
he who would be an equal judge shall justly look, and
he shall possess writings about them that he may learn
them. For of all kinds of knowledge the knowledge
of good laws has the greatest power of improving the
learner; otherwise there would be no meaning in the
divine and admirable law possessing a name akin to
mind (nous, nomos). And of all other words, such
as the praises and censures of individuals which occur
in poetry and also in prose, whether written down
or uttered in daily conversation, whether men dispute
about them in the spirit of contention or weakly assent
to them, as is often the case—of all these
the one sure test is the writings of the legislator,
which the righteous judge ought to have in his mind
as the antidote of all other words, and thus make himself
and the city stand upright, procuring for the good
the continuance and increase of justice, and for the
bad, on the other hand, a conversion from ignorance
and intemperance, and in general from all unrighteousness,
as far as their evil minds can be healed, but to those
whose web of life is in reality finished, giving death,
which is the only remedy for souls in their condition,
as I may say truly again and again. And such judges
and chiefs of judges will be worthy of receiving praise
from the whole city.