When states are well governed by good laws the mixture
causes the greatest possible injury; but seeing that
most cities are the reverse of well-ordered, the confusion
which arises in them from the reception of strangers,
and from the citizens themselves rushing off into
other cities, when any one either young or old desires
to travel anywhere abroad at whatever time, is of no
consequence. On the other hand, the refusal of
states to receive others, and for their own citizens
never to go to other places, is an utter impossibility,
and to the rest of the world is likely to appear ruthless
and uncivilised; it is a practice adopted by people
who use harsh words, such as xenelasia or banishment
of strangers, and who have harsh and morose ways,
as men think. And to be thought or not to be thought
well of by the rest of the world is no light matter;
for the many are not so far wrong in their judgment
of who are bad and who are good, as they are removed
from the nature of virtue in themselves. Even
bad men have a divine instinct which guesses rightly,
and very many who are utterly depraved form correct
notions and judgments of the differences between the
good and bad. And the generality of cities are
quite right in exhorting us to value a good reputation
in the world, for there is no truth greater and more
important than this—that he who is really
good (I am speaking of the men who would be perfect)
seeks for reputation with, but not without, the reality
of goodness. And our Cretan colony ought also
to acquire the fairest and noblest reputation for
virtue from other men; and there is every reason to
expect that, if the reality answers to the idea, she
will be one of the few well-ordered cities which the
sun and the other Gods behold. Wherefore, in
the matter of journeys to other countries and the
reception of strangers, we enact as follows: In
the first place, let no one be allowed to go anywhere
at all into a foreign country who is less than forty
years of age; and no one shall go in a private capacity,
but only in some public one, as a herald, or on an
embassy, or on a sacred mission. Going abroad
on an expedition or in war is not to be included among
travels of the class authorised by the state.
To Apollo at Delphi and to Zeus at Olympia and to
Nemea and to the Isthmus, citizens should be sent
to take part in the sacrifices and games there dedicated
to the Gods; and they should send as many as possible,
and the best and fairest that can be found, and they
will make the city renowned at holy meetings in time
of peace, procuring a glory which shall be the converse
of that which is gained in war; and when they come
home they shall teach the young that the institutions
of other states are inferior to their own. And
they shall send spectators of another sort, if they
have the consent of the guardians, being such citizens
as desire to look a little more at leisure at the
doings of other men; and these no law shall hinder.
For a city which has no experience of good and bad