or into the country, or to their relations’ houses, until they are well able to stand, and to take care that their limbs are not distorted by leaning on them when they are too young (compare Arist.  Pol.),—­they should continue to carry them until the infant has completed its third year; the nurses should be strong, and there should be more than one of them.  Shall these be our rules, and shall we impose a penalty for the neglect of them?  No, no; the penalty of which we were speaking will fall upon our own heads more than enough.

Cleinias:  What penalty?

Athenian:  Ridicule, and the difficulty of getting the feminine and servant-like dispositions of the nurses to comply.

Cleinias:  Then why was there any need to speak of the matter at all?

Athenian:  The reason is, that masters and freemen in states, when they hear of it, are very likely to arrive at a true conviction that without due regulation of private life in cities, stability in the laying down of laws is hardly to be expected (compare Republic); and he who makes this reflection may himself adopt the laws just now mentioned, and, adopting them, may order his house and state well and be happy.

Cleinias:  Likely enough.

Athenian:  And therefore let us proceed with our legislation until we have determined the exercises which are suited to the souls of young children, in the same manner in which we have begun to go through the rules relating to their bodies.

Cleinias:  By all means.

Athenian:  Let us assume, then, as a first principle in relation both to the body and soul of very young creatures, that nursing and moving about by day and night is good for them all, and that the younger they are, the more they will need it (compare Arist.  Pol.); infants should live, if that were possible, as if they were always rocking at sea.  This is the lesson which we may gather from the experience of nurses, and likewise from the use of the remedy of motion in the rites of the Corybantes; for when mothers want their restless children to go to sleep they do not employ rest, but, on the contrary, motion—­rocking them in their arms; nor do they give them silence, but they sing to them and lap them in sweet strains; and the Bacchic women are cured of their frenzy in the same manner by the use of the dance and of music.

Cleinias:  Well, Stranger, and what is the reason of this?

Athenian:  The reason is obvious.

Cleinias:  What?

Athenian:  The affection both of the Bacchantes and of the children is an emotion of fear, which springs out of an evil habit of the soul.  And when some one applies external agitation to affections of this sort, the motion coming from without gets the better of the terrible and violent internal one, and produces a peace and calm in the soul, and quiets the restless palpitation of the heart, which is a thing much to be desired, sending the children to sleep, and making the Bacchantes, although they remain awake, to dance to the pipe with the help of the Gods to whom they offer acceptable sacrifices, and producing in them a sound mind, which takes the place of their frenzy.  And, to express what I mean in a word, there is a good deal to be said in favour of this treatment.