Megillus:  What advantage?

Athenian:  The legislators of that day, when they equalized property, escaped the great accusation which generally arises in legislation, if a person attempts to disturb the possession of land, or to abolish debts, because he sees that without this reform there can never be any real equality.  Now, in general, when the legislator attempts to make a new settlement of such matters, every one meets him with the cry, that ’he is not to disturb vested interests,’—­declaring with imprecations that he is introducing agrarian laws and cancelling of debts, until a man is at his wits’ end; whereas no one could quarrel with the Dorians for distributing the land,—­there was nothing to hinder them; and as for debts, they had none which were considerable or of old standing.

Megillus:  Very true.

Athenian:  But then, my good friends, why did the settlement and legislation of their country turn out so badly?

Megillus:  How do you mean; and why do you blame them?

Athenian:  There were three kingdoms, and of these, two quickly corrupted their original constitution and laws, and the only one which remained was the Spartan.

Megillus:  The question which you ask is not easily answered.

Athenian:  And yet must be answered when we are enquiring about laws, this being our old man’s sober game of play, whereby we beguile the way, as I was saying when we first set out on our journey.

Megillus:  Certainly; and we must find out why this was.

Athenian:  What laws are more worthy of our attention than those which have regulated such cities? or what settlements of states are greater or more famous?

Megillus:  I know of none.

Athenian:  Can we doubt that your ancestors intended these institutions not only for the protection of Peloponnesus, but of all the Hellenes, in case they were attacked by the barbarian?  For the inhabitants of the region about Ilium, when they provoked by their insolence the Trojan war, relied upon the power of the Assyrians and the Empire of Ninus, which still existed and had a great prestige; the people of those days fearing the united Assyrian Empire just as we now fear the Great King.  And the second capture of Troy was a serious offence against them, because Troy was a portion of the Assyrian Empire.  To meet the danger the single army was distributed between three cities by the royal brothers, sons of Heracles, —­a fair device, as it seemed, and a far better arrangement than the expedition against Troy.  For, firstly, the people of that day had, as they thought, in the Heraclidae better leaders than the Pelopidae; in the next place, they considered that their army was superior in valour to that which went against Troy; for, although the latter conquered the Trojans, they were themselves conquered by the Heraclidae—­Achaeans by Dorians.  May we not suppose that this was the intention with which the men of those days framed the constitutions of their states?