[Sidenote:  The beginnings of Form.]

Thus much we might hear if we were to let music go through our heads like water through a sieve.  Yet the step from that degree of discrimination to a rudimentary analysis of Form is exceedingly short, and requires little more than a willingness to concentrate the attention and exercise the memory.  Everyone is willing to do that much while looking at a picture.  Who would look at a painting and rest satisfied with the impression made upon the sense of sight by the colors merely?  No one, surely.  Yet so soon as we look, so as to discriminate between the outlines, to observe the relationship of figure to figure, we are indulging in intellectual exercise.  If this be a condition precedent to the enjoyment of a picture (and it plainly is), how much more so is it in the case of music, which is intangible and evanescent, which cannot pause a moment for our contemplation without ceasing to be?

[Sidenote:  Comparison with a model not possible.]

There is another reason why we must exercise intelligence in listening, to which I have already alluded in the first chapter.  Our appreciation of beauty in the plastic arts is helped by the circumstance that the critical activity is largely a matter of comparison.  Is the picture or the statue a good copy of the object sought to be represented?  Such comparison fails us utterly in music, which copies nothing that is tangibly present in the external world.

[Sidenote:  What degree of knowledge is necessary?]

[Sidenote:  The Elements.]

[Sidenote:  Value of memory.]

It is then necessary to associate the intellect with sense perception in listening to music.  How far is it essential that the intellectual process shall go?  This book being for the untrained, the question might be put thus:  With how little knowledge of the science can an intelligent listener get along?  We are concerned only with his enjoyment of music or, better, with an effort to increase it without asking him to become a musician.  If he is fond of the art it is more than likely that the capacity to discriminate sufficiently to recognize the elements out of which music is made has come to him intuitively.  Does he recognize that musical tones are related to each other in respect of time and pitch?  Then it shall not be difficult for him to recognize the three elements on which music rests—­Melody, Harmony, and Rhythm.  Can he recognize them with sufficient distinctness to seize upon their manifestations while music is sounding?  Then memory shall come to the aid of discrimination, and he shall be able to appreciate enough of design to point the way to a true and lofty appreciation of the beautiful in music.  The value of memory is for obvious reasons very great in musical enjoyment.  The picture remains upon the wall, the book upon the library shelf.  If we have failed to grasp a detail at the first glance or reading, we need but turn again to the picture or open the book anew.  We may see the picture in a changed light, or read the poem in a different mood, but the outlines, colors, ideas are fixed for frequent and patient perusal.  Music goes out of existence with every performance, and must be recreated at every hearing.