The name of Joseph Guarnerius del Jesu is only less in estimation than that of Antonius Stradiuarius, of whom it is believed by many he was a pupil or apprentice, though of this there is no proof.  Both his uncle Andreas and his cousin Joseph were distinguished violin-makers, but the Guarnerius patronymic has now its chiefest glory from that member known as “del Jesu.”  This great artist in fiddle-making was born at Cremona in the year 1683, and died in 1745.  He worked in his native place till the day of his death, but in his latter years Joseph del Jesu became dissipated, and his instruments fell off somewhat in excellence of quality and workmanship.  But his chef d’oeuvres yield only to those of the great Stradiuarius in the estimation of connoisseurs.  Many of the Guarnerius violins, it is said, were made in prison, where the artist was confined for debt, with inferior tools and material surreptitiously obtained for him by the jailer’s daughter, who was in love with the handsome captive.  These fruits of his skill were less beautiful in workmanship, though marked by wonderful sweetness and power of tone.  Mr. Charles Reade, a great violin amateur as well as a novelist, says of these “prison” fiddles, referring to the comical grotesqueness of their form:  “Such is the force of genius, that I believe in our secret hearts we love these impudent fiddles best, they are so full of chic.”  Paganini’s favorite was a Guarnerius del Jesu, though he had no less than seven instruments of the greatest Cremona masters.  Spohr, the celebrated violinist and composer, offered to exchange his Strad, one of the finest in the world, for a Guarnerius, in the possession of Mr. Mawkes, an English musician.

Carlo Bergonzi, the pupil of Antonius Stradiuarius, was another of the great Cremona makers, and his best violins have commanded extraordinary prices.  He followed the model of his master closely, and some of his instruments can hardly be distinguished in workmanship and tone from genuine Strads.  Something might be said, too, of Jacob Steiner, who, though a German (born about 1620), got the inspiration for his instruments of the best period so directly from Cremona that he ought perhaps to be classified with the violin-makers of this school.  His famous violins, known as the Elector Steiners, were made under peculiar circumstances.  Almost heartbroken by the death of his wife, he retired to a Benedictine monastery with the purpose of taking holy orders.  But the art-passion of his life was too strong, and he made in his cloister-prison twelve instruments, on which he lavished the most jealous care and attention.  These were presented to the twelve Electors of Germany, and their extraordinary merit has caused them to rank high among the great violins of the world.  A volume might be easily compiled of anecdotes concerning violins and violin-makers.  The vicissitudes and changes of ownership through which many celebrated instruments have passed are full of romantic interest.