[Illustration:  G—­Fingers resting against ball of thumb, back upward.]

[Illustration:  H—­Arched, thumb horizontal against end of forefinger, back upward.]

[Illustration:  I—­Closed, except forefinger crooked against end of thumb, upright, palm outward.]

[Illustration:  J—­Forefinger straight, upright, others closed, edge outward.]

[Illustration:  K—­Forefinger obliquely extended upward, others closed, edge outward.]

[Illustration:  L—­Thumb vertical, forefinger horizontal, others closed, edge outward.]

FIG. 342a.

[Illustration:  M—­Forefinger horizontal, fingers and thumb closed, palm outward.]

[Illustration:  N—­First and second fingers straight upward and separated, remaining fingers and thumb closed, palm outward.]

[Illustration:  O—­Thumb, first and second fingers separated, straight upward, remaining fingers curved edge outward.]

[Illustration:  P—­Fingers and thumb partially curved upward and separated, knuckles outward.]

[Illustration:  Q—­Fingers and thumb, separated, slightly curved, downward.]

[Illustration:  R—­Fingers and thumb extended straight, separated, upward.]

[Illustration:  S—­Hand and fingers upright, joined, back outward.]

[Illustration:  T—­Hand and fingers upright, joined, palm outward.]

[Illustration:  U—­Fingers collected to a point, thumb resting in middle.]

[Illustration:  V—­Arched, joined, thumb resting near end of forefinger, downward.]

[Illustration:  W—­Hand horizontal, flat, palm downward.]

[Illustration:  X—­Hand horizontal, flat, palm upward.]

[Illustration:  Y—­Naturally relaxed, normal; used when hand simply follows arm with no intentional disposition.]

FIG. 342b.

NOTE CONCERNING THE FOREGOING TYPES.

The positions are given as they appear to an observer facing the gesturer, and are designed to show the relations of the fingers to the hand rather than the positions of the hand relative to the body, which must be shown by the outlines (see OUTLINES OF ARM POSITIONS) or description.  The right and left hands are figured above without discrimination, but in description or reference the right hand will be understood when the left is not specified.  The hands as figured can also with proper intimation be applied with changes either upward, downward, or inclined to either side, so long as the relative positions of the fingers are retained, and when in that respect no one of the types exactly corresponds with a sign observed, modifications may be made by pen or pencil on that one of the types, or a tracing of it, found most convenient, as indicated in the EXAMPLES, and referred to by the letter of the alphabet under the type changed, with the addition of a numeral—­e.g., A 1, and if that type, i.e., A, were changed a second time by the observer (which change would necessarily be drawn on another sheet of types or another tracing of a type selected when there are no sheets provided), it should be referred to as A 2.