The discovery of enemies, game, or anything else, is announced by riding rapidly to and fro, or in a circle.  The idea that there is a difference in the signification of these two directions of riding appears, according to many of the Dakota Indians of the Missouri Valley, to be erroneous.  Parties away from their regular encampment are generally in search of some special object, such as game, or of another party, either friendly or hostile, which is, generally understood, and when that object is found, the announcement is made to their companions in either of the above ways.  The reason that a horseman may ride from side to side is, that the party to whom he desires to communicate may be at a particular locality, and his movement—­at right angles to the direction to the party—­would be perfectly clear.  Should the party be separated into smaller bands, or have flankers or scouts at various points, the only way in which the rider’s signal could be recognized as a motion from side to side, by all the persons to whom the signal was directed, would be for him to ride in a circle, which he naturally does. (Dakota VI, VII, VIII.) Fig. 338.

The latter was noticed by Dr. Hoffman in 1873, on the Yellowstone River, while attached to the Stanley Expedition.  The Indians had again concentrated after their first repulse by General Custer, and taken possession of the woods and bluffs on the opposite side of the river.  As the column came up, one Indian was seen upon a high bluff to ride rapidly round in a circle, occasionally firing off his revolver.  The signal announced the discovery of the advancing force, which had been expected, and he could be distinctly seen from the surrounding region.  As many of the enemy were still scattered over the neighborhood, some of them would not have been able to recognize this signal had he ridden to and from an observer, but the circle produced a lateral movement visible from any point.

——­ Of enemies, or other game than Buffalo.  See also NOTES ON CHEYENNE AND ARAPAHO SIGNALS.

The discovery of enemies is indicated by riding rapidly around in a circle, so that the signal could be seen by their friends, but out of sight of the discovered enemy. (Dakota I.)

When enemies are discovered, or other game than buffalo, the sentinel waves his blanket over his head up and down, holding an end in each hand. (Omaha I; Ponka I.)

——­ Of game, wood, water, &c.

This is communicated by riding rapidly forward and backward on the top of the highest hill.  The same would be communicated with a blanket by waving it right and left, and then directly toward the game or whatever the party might be searching for, indicating that it is not to the right or to the left, but directly in front. (Dakota I.)

DRILL, MILITARY.

“It is done by signals, devised after a system of the Indian’s own invention, and communicated in various ways.