[Illustration:  Fig. 276.]

Place the radial sides of the clinched hands together before the chest, then draw them horizontally apart. (Dakota VI; Arikara I.) “All in a line.”  Fig. 276.

Put thumbs to temples, and forefingers forward, meeting in front, other fingers closed. (Apache III.) “Cap-visor.”

——­, Arikara.

Make the sign for ARIKARA (see TRIBAL SIGNS) and that for BRAVE. (Arikara I.)

——­, Dakota.

Make the sign for DAKOTA (see TRIBAL SIGNS) and that for SOLDIER. (Dakota VI.)

——­, Indian.

Both fists before the body, palms down, thumbs touching, then draw them horizontally apart to the right and left. (Arapaho II; Cheyenne V; Ponka II; Pani I.) This is the same sign illustrated in Fig. 276, above, as given by tribes there cited for white or American soldier.  The tribes now cited use it for a soldier of the same tribe as the gesturer, or perhaps for soldier generically, as they subjoin a tribal sign or the sign for white man, when desiring to refer to any other than their own tribe.

TRADE OR BARTER; EXCHANGE.

——­ TRADE.

First make the sign of EXCHANGE (see below), then pat the left arm with the right finger, with a rapid motion from the hand passing it toward the shoulder. (Long.)

Strike the extended index finger of the right hand several times upon that of the left. (Wied.) I have described the same sign in different terms and at greater length.  It is only necessary, however, to place the fingers in contact once.  The person whom the prince saw making this sign may have meant to indicate something more than the simple idea of trade, i.e., trade often or habitually.  The idea of frequency is often conveyed by the repetition of a sign (as in some Indian languages by repetition of the root).  Or the sign-maker may have repeated the sign to demonstrate it more clearly. (Matthews.) Though some difference exists in the motions executed in Wied’s sign and that of (Oto and Missouri I), there is sufficient similarity to justify a probable identity of conception and to make them easily understood. (Boteler.) In the author’s mind exchange was probably intended for one transaction, in which each of two articles took the place before occupied by the other, and trade was intended for a more general and systematic barter, indicated by the repetition of strokes.  Such distinction would not perhaps have occurred to most observers, but as the older authorities, such as Long and Wied, give distinct signs under the separate titles of trade and exchange they must be credited with having some reason for so doing.  A pictograph connected with this sign is shown on page 381, supra.