1.  First Thing to Do.—­Eating ice, and using ice drinks are useful measures.  The drinking of a little salt water at a time with one tablespoonful of salt in a glassful of water is good.  In most cases more can be done by assuring the patient he will not die and keeping him quiet and at rest.  Medicines should be given to satisfy the patient and family.  The most cases stop of themselves.

2.  If Caused by Coughing.—­If cough causes the bleeding one-half grain of opium should be given to control it, hypodermically, or even morphine one-eighth grain.

3.  Alum for.—­Alum solution six grains to three ounces of water in fine spray is good.  This goes right to the wind-pipe and contracts the vessels; use a vaporizer.

4.  White Oak Bark Tea can be used as a spray in a vaporizer.  If these produce coughing, they should be discontinued.

[40 Mothers’ remedies]

5.  Hot Water and Salt for.—­A teaspoonful of salt in a pint of hot water is good also, used as a spray, or to inhale.  But the patient must lie down.

6.  Other Easily Obtained Remedies.—­Ergot in dose of one-half to one teaspoonful is very good; this contracts the vessels.  Bromide of potash in a dose of five to fifteen grains; or chloral hydrate in dose of five to seven grains, if there is not heart trouble.  If there is, chloral hydrate cannot be used.  These quiet the nervous system and do much good.  Strong hop tea will do the same thing if taken freely.  Witch-hazel water thirty drops at a dose is good.

Cautions.—­Quiet the patient; keep quiet yourself.  If the bleeding is bad the extremities should be bandaged, beginning at the toes and fingers.

Thirst.—­Give small quantities at a time of ice-water.

Diet.—­Peptonized or plain milk, liquid beef peptonoids, fresh beef juice, bouillon, should be given in small quantities, two or three ounces every two or three hours.  If there is a tendency to constipation give rectal enemata.  Return to the regular diet as soon as possible.  Alcohol in any form is best avoided.  If given as a stimulant it should be given in small quantities.

Broncho-pneumonia. (Acute Inflammation of the Smaller Tubes and Lungs).—­

Causes.—­Most common under two years and in old people.  Taking cold, whooping cough and measles.

Symptoms.—­A primary case begins suddenly with a convulsion or chill, vomiting and rapid rise of temperature.  Breathing is frequent and brain symptoms are marked.

Secondary Cases.—­After an ordinary case of whooping-cough, measles, bronchitis, etc., there is more fever.  The pulse is more frequent, and also the respiration, difficulty in breathing and severe and often painful cough.  Temperature rises to 102 to 104; respirations are very fast, up to 60 to 80; the breathing (inspiration) is hard, labored, while the wings of the nose dilate; expiration may be grunting.  Face looks anxious and bluish.  This color may increase, other symptoms decreasing as suffocation deepens, rattling in chest and death from heart weakness.