[Illustration:  Method of applying Bandage to the Arm.]

[Illustration:  Spiral Bandage of the Finger.]

[Illustration:  Simple Method of applying Bandage for Sprained Ankle.]

Bandaging and Photographs by Dr. W. E. Ziegenfuss, of Detroit. 
Done expressly for this book.

[Accidents and poisons 385]

6.  Sprains, Quick Application for.—­“A poultice of stiff clay and vinegar.”  Add enough vinegar to the clay to make a nice moist poultice.  The clay is exceptionally good for swellings and sprains.

7.  Sprains, Turpentine Liniment for.—­“Equal parts of spirits of turpentine and vinegar and the yolk of one egg make a valuable liniment in cases of sprains, bruises and rheumatism poultice.  Take common salt, roast it on a hot stove till dry as possible.  Take one teaspoonful each of dry salt, venice turpentine and pulverized castile soap.  Excellent for felon, apply twice daily until open.”  This is a very good liniment and if applied often will draw, which is one of the essential things for a felon.

8.  Sprains, Old English White Oil.—­

“Alcohol        1/4 pint. 
Turpentine      1/4 pint. 
Hartshorn       1/2 ounce. 
Oil Origanum      1 ounce.

For sprains and rubbing around sores.”

9.  Sprains, Arnica Much Used for.—­“Tincture of arnica.”  This should be diluted with water about one and one-half for adults and one and three-fourths for a child.  This is one of the best known remedies for sprains that can be obtained.  Apply freely to the bruise or sprain.

Physicians’ treatment for Sprains.—­Rest for a time (for some weeks).  The parts should be raised to lessen the blood supply.  Hot applications, through fomentations, or cold evaporations, lotions, massage later, and support with a pad and a firm bandage, in some cases.  When there is not much swelling, a plaster of Paris bandage is sometimes applied at once in order that absolute rest can be secured.

1.  Tincture of Arnica.—­This is an excellent remedy for sprains When the part is much swollen and looks bluish is when it is especially beneficial.  It can be used full strength by saturating cloths and applying either hot or cold, or diluted to half strength.

2.  Hot Water.—­Applied with soaked cloths on the part is very grateful in some cases.  It should be kept hot and plenty of water on the part all the time.  This should be applied for hours.  Between the soakings, the parts should be dressed with the lead and laudanum wash, and rubbed with ichthyol ointment or camphor and laudanum liniment.

3.  Cold Applications.—­Cold water.—­Some patients are more benefited by the cold applications.  The part should be elevated and a cloth wrung out of ice cold water, or an ice bag should be kept on the part.

4.  Lead and Laudanum Wash.—­This should not be used if the skin is broken.  Then the laudanum, three-fourths water, can be used alone.  Composition of lead and laudanum wash, proportions four parts of undiluted lead water, diluted with sixteen parts of water to one of laudanum.  This can be made stronger in the laudanum.