some of them sincerely professed—to find
an essential difference between putting Woman Suffrage
into the Constitution and putting Prohibition into
the Constitution. The determination of the right
of suffrage was, they said, the most fundamental attribute
of a sovereign State; national Prohibition did not
strike at the heart of State sovereignty as did national
regulation of the suffrage. But the abstract question
of sovereignty has had little interest for the nation
since the Civil War; and if we waive that abstract
question, the Prohibition Amendment was an infinitely
more vital thrust at the principle of State selfgovernment.
The Woman Suffrage Amendment was the assertion of a
fundamental principle of government, and if it was
an abridgment of sovereignty it was an abridgment
of the same character as those embodied in the Constitution
from the beginning, the Prohibition Amendment brought
the Federal Government into control of precisely those
intimate concerns of daily life which, above all else,
had theretofore been left untouched by the central
power, and subject to the independent jurisdiction
of each individual State. The South had eagerly
swallowed a camel, and when it asked the country to
strain at a gnat it found nobody to listen. Our
public men, and our leaders of opinion, frequently
and earnestly express their concern over the decline
of importance in our State governments, the lessened
vigor of the State spirit. The sentiment is not
peculiar to any party or to any section; it is expressed
with equal emphasis and with equal frequency by leading
Republicans and leading Democrats, by Northerners and
Southerners. All feel alike that with the decay
of State spirit a virtue will go out of our national
spirit—that a centralized America will
be a devitalized America. But when they discuss
the subject, they are in the habit of referring chiefly
to defects in administration; to neglect of duty by
the average citizen or perhaps by those in high places
in business or the professions; to want of intelligence
in the Legislature, etc. And for all this
there is much reason; yet all this we have had always
with us, and it is not always that we have had with
us this sense of the decline of State spirit.
For that decline the chief cause is the gradual, yet
steady and rapid, extension of national power and
lowering of the comparative importance of the functions
of the State. However, the functions that still
remain to the State—and its subdivisions,
the municipalities and counties —are still
of enormous importance; and, with the growth of public-welfare
activities which are ramifying in so many directions,
that importance may be far greater in the future.
But what is to become of it if we are ready to surrender
to the central government the control of our most
intimate concerns? And what concern can be so
intimate as that of the conduct of the individual
citizen in the pursuit of his daily life? How
can the idea of the State as an object of pride or