[1] The Union of South Africa is formed of the states of the Cape of Good Hope, the Transvaal, and the Orange Free State.  Lord Gladstone, son of the late W.E.  Gladstone, was appointed Governor of the new Commonwealth, and General Botha, who had commanded in the Boer army, was made Prime Minister.

The establishment of the Union of South Africa completed the framework of the Imperial Federation (SS618, 619).  Admiral Mahan, of the American navy, classes the expansion of the British Empire with that of the expansion of the United States, and declares that it ranks as one of the foremost facts of “contemporaneous history.”  The Commonwealth of Australia and the Union of South Africa (with the Dominion of New Zealand) mark the southern limit of the Imperial Federation.  The Dominion of Canada marks its northeren limit. (See map facing p. 422.)

All these British possessions enjoy a degree of self-government which falls but little short of entire independence.  In fact, commercially they are independent, for, as we have seen (S616), while England maintains free trade, her colonies still keep up a strict protective tariff and impose duties even on British imports.  Notwithstanding this difference, all the colonies are loyal subjects of the English Crown, and all stand ready to defend the English flag.

626.  The League of Empire.

While this successful movement toward Imperial Federation was going on, the organization of the League of Empire had been formed (1901) to cooperate with it and strengthen it.

The League is nonpolitical and nonsectarian.  It aims to unite the different parts of the Imperial Federation by intellectual and moral bonds.  It appeals to the whole body of the people of the Empire, but it deals especially with the children in the schools.  It endeavors to educate them in the duties of citizenship, and it calls on them to salute the national flag as the symbol of patriotism, of unity, and of loyalty.  A little later, Empire Day was established (1904) as a public holiday to help forward the work of the League.  King Edward gave it his hearty encouragement, and it is celebrated throughout the British Isles and the self-governing colonies of the Imperial Federation.

627.  The King’s Influence in Behalf of Peace.

While seeking to make all England and English dominions in one spirit, King Edward constantly used his influence to maintain peace both at home and abroad.  He was a man whose natural kindliness of heart endowed him with the double power of making and of keeping friends.  Furthermore, he was a born diplomatist.  He saw at once the best method of handling the most difficult questions.  Those who knew him intimately said that “he always did the right thing, at the right time, in the right way.”

To a great extent he was a creator of international confidence.  In his short reign he succeeded in overcoming the old race feeling which made England and France regard each other as enemies.  Again, Russia and England had been on unfriendly terms for nearly two generations, but the King, by his strong personal influence, brought the two countries to understand each other better.