Sir John Oldcastle, or Lord Cobham, was at this time the most influential man among the Lollards (SS255, 283).  He was brought to trial and convicted of heresy.  The penalty was death; but the King granted him a respite, in the hope that he might recant, and Oldcastle managed to escape from prison (1414).

Immediately after, a conspiracy was detected among the Lollards for seizing the government, destroying the chief monasteries in and about London, and raising Oldcastle to power.  Henry attacked the rebels unawares, killed many, and took a large number of prisoners, who were executed on a double charge of heresy and treason.  Several years afterwards Oldcastle was burned as a heretic.

287.  Report that Richard II was alive.

A strange report now began to circulate.  It was said that Richard II (S257) had been seen in Scotland, and that he was preparing to claim the throne which Henry’s father had taken from him.  To silence this seditious rumor, the King, it is said, exhumed Richard’s body from its grave in the little village of Langley, Hertfordshire.  At any rate, a dead body, reputed to be Richard’s, was brought to London and propped up in a chair, so that all might see it.

In this manner the King and his court escorted the corpse in solemn procession to Westminster Abbey, where it was reinterred among the tombs of the English sovereigns.  With it he buried once for all the troublesome falsehood which had kept up insurrection, and had made the deposed King more feared after death than he had ever been during life.

288.  War with France (1415).

To divert the attention of the nation from dangerous home questions likely to cause new plots and fresh revolts (SS286, 287), Henry now determined to act on his father’s dying counsel and pick a foreign quarrel.  The old grudge against France, which began with the feuds of Duke William of Normandy before he conquered England, made a war with that country always popular.  At this period the French were divided into fierce parties that hated each other even more, if possible, than they hated the English.  This, of course, greatly increased the chances of Henry’s success, as he might form an alliance with one of these factions.

The King believed it a good opportunity to get three things he wanted,—­a wife, a fortune, and the French crown.  The King of France and his most powerful rival, the Duke of Burgundy, had each a daughter.  To make sure of one of them, Henry secretly proposed to both.  After long and fruitless negotiations the French King declined to grant the enormous dowry which the English King demanded.  The latter gladly interpreted this refusal as equivalent to a declaration of war.

289.  The Great Battle of Agincourt, 1415.

Henry set to work with vigor, raised an army, and invaded France.  He besieged Harfleur, near the mouth of the Seine, and took it; but his army suffered so much from sickness that, after leaving a garrison in the place, he resolved to move north, to the walled city of Calais.  It will be remembered that the English had captured that city nearly seventy years before (S240), and Henry intended to wait there for reenforcements. (See map facing p. 128.)