[Footnote 18:  In 1828 according to Grossi, p. 168.]

[Footnote 19:  Parana was separated from Sao Paulo in 1853.]

[Footnote 20:  V. Sellin, Das Kaiserreich Brasilien, Vol.  II, p. 111.]

[Footnote 21:  Cf. report of the inspector Manoel F. Ferreira Correia in Relatorio.]

[Footnote 22:  Information furnished by Johann Potucek, Austro-Hungarian Consul in Curityba.]

[Footnote 23:  This is commonly referred to as the first colony in Santa Catharina.  However, Grossi (p. 168) refers to a Colonia Alemao o Conselheiro Pedreira (state colony) founded in 1827.]

[Footnote 24:  Lacmann (p. 8) states that Gross Itajahy was founded in 1829.]

[Footnote 25:  Born 1819 at Hasselfelde in Braunschweig.  Specialized in pharmacy.  In 1849 came to Brazil and laid out plans for a colony.  From 1850 to 1880 he was primarily occupied in directing the colony which bears his name.  This colony was emancipated in 1880, but Dr. Blumenau remained on the scene of his former activities until 1884, when he returned to Germany.  Died 1898.]

[Footnote 26:  V.  Le Bresil Meridional, p. 309.]

[Footnote 27:  The term “municipio” denotes a city or town together with the surrounding districts coming under the same jurisdiction; frequently (as used in this work) an emancipated colony.]

[Footnote 28:  According to census of 1907 and calculations to date (September, 1916) in the archives at Blumenau.]

[Footnote 29:  The term “Stadtplatz” as used by the colonists designates the seat or governmental center of a particular colony.  Portuguese “sede.”]

[Footnote 30:  So named in honor of the president of the state at the time, Dr. Araujo Brusque.]

[Footnote 31:  Information furnished by E. Bloch, Engenheiro Chefe da Estrada de Ferro Santa Catharina.]

[Footnote 32:  Grossi, p. 162.]

[Footnote 33:  Cf. Ludwig, p. 84.]

[Footnote 34:  A particularly strong current of German settlers has in recent years been moving into Ijuhy, mostly by indirect immigration.]

[Footnote 35:  Cf. report of the inspector C. Lila da Silveira in Relatorio.]

[Footnote 36:  About equal to that of the United States without the colonies and Alaska, but with the state of Texas doubled.]

[Footnote 37:  The study of emigration reports in European archives does not help us much because by no means did all persons listed as emigrants for Brazil finally arrive in the latter country.]

[Footnote 38:  In order to enable the reader to put a correct valuation on the popular bugaboo, the “perigo allemao” (German peril), the following facts are noted by way of comparison: 

According to the statistics above referred to, the German immigrants occupy fourth place in point of numbers for the period 1820-1915, inclusive.  They are superseded by: