upon Fort Marabout.  The firing re-opened on the next day, and a flag of truce was soon displayed.  After some unsatisfactory parleying the bombardment was resumed, and when a second flag of truce was unfurled it was discovered that Arabi Pasha had retreated to Kefr-el-Dowar, fourteen miles away from Alexandria.  On his departure the city was given over to plunder and destruction.  The convicts escaped from the prison, and, joining forces with the Arabs, looted and burned the European quarters.  Two thousand persons, mostly Greeks and Levantines, were slain, and an enormous quantity of property destroyed.  Admiral Seymour then sent a body of sailors on land, who patrolled the streets and shot down the looters, and order was thus finally restored in Alexandria.  The khedive, who was forced to fly for his life to an English steamer, was reinstated in the Ras-el-Tin Palace, under an escort of seven hundred marines.  The British admiral was afterwards severely criticised for not having put a stop to the rioting before it assumed such serious proportions.

Arabi’s army of 6,000 was now increased by recruits flocking in from every port in Egypt.  After considerable pressure had been brought to bear upon the khedive, Tewfik issued a proclamation dismissing Arabi from his service.  To enforce the submission of the Arabists, an English army of 33,000 men was gradually landed in Egypt, under the command of Sir Garnet Wolseley, with an efficient staff, including Sir John Adye, Sir Archibald Alison, Sir Evelyn Wood, and General Hamley.  An Indian contingent also arrived under General Macpherson.

Sir Garnet, after making a feint to land near Alexandria, steamed to Port Said and disembarked, moving up the Suez Canal in order to join forces with the Indian contingent, who were advancing from Suez.  Fighting took place over the control of the canal at the Mahsameh and Kassassin Locks, and at the latter place the British cavalry won an important victory over the Egyptian advance-guard.  Arabi’s stronghold was at Tel-el-Kebir, and the English were very anxious to win a decisive victory before the troops which the sultan was sending from Constantinople under Dervish and Baker Pasha should arrive.  On September 12, 1882, preparations had been completed for an advance, and the army of 11,000 infantry and 2,000 cavalry, with sixty pieces of artillery, moved forward during the night to within a mile of Arabi’s lines.  The Egyptians had 20,000 regulars, of which number 2,500 were cavalry, with seventy guns, and they were also aided by 6,000 Bedouins.  Though well situated, the army of Arabi was taken by surprise, and the following day, in response to the various flanking movements of the British, directed by Wolseley, and the direct charge of the Highlanders, they made but a very indifferent defence.  In a brief space of time the Egyptians were in full retreat, Arabi fleeing to Cairo.  The Indian contingent occupied Zagazig, and General Drury-Lowe rode with his cavalry for thirty-nine miles, and entered Cairo on the evening of the 14th.  Arabi made a dignified surrender, and with him 10,000 men also gave themselves up.