of the Elamite nobility was ranged around him.  The equipment of his soldiers was simpler than that of the enemy:  consisting of a low helmet, devoid of any crest, but furnished with a large pendant tress of horsehair to shade the neck; a shield of moderate dimensions; a small bow, which, however, was quite as deadly a weapon as that of the Assyrians, when wielded by skilful hands; a lance, a mace, and a dagger.  He had only a small body of cavalry, but the chariotry formed an important force, and presented several original features.  The chariot did not follow the classic model, rounded in front and open at the back; it was a kind of light car, consisting of a square footboard placed flat on the axle of the wheels, and furnished with triangular side-pieces on two sides only, the vehicle being drawn by a pair of horses.  Such chariots were easier to manage, better adapted for rapid motion, and must have been more convenient for a reconnaissance or for skirmishes with infantry; but when thrown in a mass against the heavy chariotry of the peoples of the Euphrates, they were far too slightly built to overthrow the latter, and at close quarters were of necessity crushed by the superior weight of the adversary.

[Illustration:  206.jpg ITUNI BREAKS HIS BOW WITH A BLOW OF HIS SWORD, AND GIVES HIMSELF UP TO THE EXECUTIONER]

     Drawn by Boudier, from a photograph taken from the original
     in the British Museum.

[Illustration:  206b.jpg THE BATTLE OF TULLIZ]

Tiumman had not succeeded in collecting all his forces before the first columns of the Assyrian army advanced to engage his front line, but as he was expecting reinforcements, he endeavoured to gain time by despatching Ituni, one of his generals, with orders to negotiate a truce.

The Assyrian commander, suspecting a ruse, would not listen to any proposals, but ordered the envoy to be decapitated on the spot:  Ituni broke his bow with a blow of his sword, and stoically yielded his neck to the executioner.  The issue of the battle was for a long time undecided, but the victory finally remained with the heavy regiments of Assyria.  The left wing of the Susians, driven into the Ulai, perished by drowning, and the river was choked with the corpses of men and horses, and the debris of arms and broken chariots.  The right wing took to flight under cover of a wood, and the survivors tried to reach the mountains.

[Illustration:  209.jpg URTAKU COUSIN OF TIUMMAN, SURRENDERING TO AN ASSYRIAN]

     Drawn by Boudier, from a photograph of the original in the
     British Museum.

Urtaku, the cousin of Tiumman, was wounded by an arrow; perceiving an Assyrian soldier coming up to him, he told him who he was, and recommended him to carry his head to the general:  “He will pay you handsomely for it,” he added.  Tiumman had led in person several charges of his body-guard; and on being wounded, his son Tammaritu had succeeded in rescuing him from the thick of the fight:  both seated together in a chariot, were in full flight, when one of the wheels caught against a tree and was shattered, the shock flinging the occupants to the ground.  A large body of Assyrians were in close pursuit, led by one of the exiled Susian princes, a second Tam-maritu, son of Urtaku.