* Mount Zilar is beyond the Upper Zab, on one of the roads which lead to the basin of Lake Urumiah, probably in Khubushkia.  There are two of these roads—­that which passes over the neck of Kelishin, and the other which runs through the gorges of Alan; “with the exception of these two points, the mountain chain is absolutely impassable.”  According to the general direction of the campaign, it appears to me probable that the king crossed by the passes of Alan; Mount Zilar would therefore be the group of chains which cover the district of Pishder, and across which the Lesser Zab passes before descending to the plain.

** The country of Misi adjoined Gizilbunda, Media, Araziash, and Andiu.  All these circumstances incline us to place it in the south-eastern part of Kurdistan of Sihmeh, in the upper valley of Kisil-Uzen.  The ridge, overlooked by three peaks, on which the inhabitants took refuge, cannot be looked for on the west, whore there are few important heights:  I should rather identify it with the part of the Gordysean mountains which bounds the basin of the Kisil-Uzen on the west, and which contains three peaks of 12,000 feet—­the Tchehel- tchechma, the Derbend, and the Nau-Kan.

*** The name of the country has been read Giratbunda, Ginunbunda, Girubbunda; a variant, to which no objections can be made, has furnished Gizilbunda.  It was contiguous on one side to the Medes, and on the other to the Mannai, which obliges us to place it in Kurdistan of Gerrus, on the Kizil- Uzon.  It may be asked if the word Kizil which occurs several times in the topographical nomenclature of these regions is not a relic of the name in question, and if Gizil-bunda is not a compound of the same class as Kizil-uzen, Kizil- gatchi, Kizihalan, Kizil-lok, whether it be that part of the population spoke a language analogous to the dialects now in use in these districts, or that the ancient word has been preserved by later conquerors and assimilated to some well- known word in their own language.

Mutarriz-assur at once turned upon the Medes, vanquished them, and drove them at the point of the sword into their remote valleys, returning to the district of Araziash, which he laid waste.  A score of chiefs with barbarous names, alarmed by this example, hastened to prostrate themselves at his feet, and submitted to the tribute which he imposed on them.  Assyria thus regained in these regions the ascendency which the victories of Shalmaneser III. in their time had won for her.

Babylon, which had endured the suzerainty of its rival for a quarter of a century, seems to have taken advantage of the events occurring in Assyria to throw off the yoke, by espousing the cause of Assur-dain-pal.  Samsi-ramman, therefore, as soon as he was free to turn his attention from Media (818), directed his forces against Babylonia.  Metur-nat, as usual, was the first city attacked; it capitulated at once,