a considerable part of Cilicia, had been unable to resist the flattering offers of Kusas; he had broken the ties which attached him to the new Assyrian dynasty, but had been left unmolested so long as Urartu and Muzazir remained unshaken, since his position at the western extremity of the empire prevented him from influencing in the smallest degree the issue of the struggle, and it was well known that when the fall of Kusas took place Ambaridis would be speedily brought to account.  He was, in fact, seized, banished to the banks of the Tigris, and his hereditary fief of Bit-Burutash annexed to Cilicia, under the rule of an Assyrian.  The following year was signalised by a similar execution at which Sargon himself deigned to preside in person.  Tarkhunazi, the King of Miliddu, not only had taken advantage of the troubles consequent on the Armenian war to rebel against his master, but had attacked Gunzinanu, who held, and had ruthlessly pillaged, the neighbouring district of Kammanu.* Sargon overcame him in the open field, took from him his city of Miliddu, and stormed the town of Tulgarimme in which he had taken refuge.**

     * Kammanu is probably not the Kammanenc of the Greek
     geographers, which is too far north relatively to Melitene,
     but is probably Comana of Cappadocia and its district.

     ** Tulgarimme has been connected with the Togarmah of the
     Bible (Gen. x. 3) by Halevy and Delitzsch, and their views
     on this subject have been adopted by most historians.

Here again the native kingdom disappeared, and was replaced by an Assyrian administration.  Kammanu, wedged in between Urartu and Mushki, separated these two countries, sometimes rivals to each other, but always enemies to Nineveh.  Its maintenance as an independent kingdom prevented them from combining their efforts, and obtaining that unity of action which alone could ensure for them, if not a definite triumph, at least preservation from complete extinction and an opportunity of maintaining their liberty; the importance of the position, however, rendered it particularly perilous to hold, and the Assyrians succeeded in so doing only by strongly fortifying it.  Walls were built round ten cities, five on the Urartian frontier, three on that of Mushki, and two on the north, and the country which they protected was made into a new province, that of Tulgarimme, the district of Miliddu being confided to the care of Mutallu, Prince of Kummukh (710).  An incident which took place in the following year furnished a pretext for completing the organisation and military defence of this western border province.  Gurgum had been for thirty years or more in the possession of Tarkhulara; this prince, after having served Sharduris, had transferred his homage to Tiglath-pileser, and he had thenceforward professed an unwavering loyalty to the Assyrian sovereigns.  This accommodating personage was assassinated by his son Mutallu; and Sargon, fearing a revolt, hastened, at the head of