[Illustration:  298.jpg MAP OF THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE UNDER TIGLATH-PILESER III.]

Each new country was annexed, as soon as conquered, to the nearest province, or, if necessary, was converted into a distinct province by itself; thus we find that Assur-nazir-pal, after laying hands on the upper valleys of the Radanu and the Turnat, rebuilt the ruined city of Atlila, re-named it Dur-Assur, placed a commandant, cavalry, and eunuchs there, and established within it storehouses for the receipt of contributions from the neighbouring barbarians.  He followed the same course on each occasion when the fortune of war brought him fresh subjects;* and his successors, Shalmaneser III., Samsi-ramman IV., and Ramman-nirari did the same thing in Media, in Asia Minor, and in Northern Syria;** Tiglath-pileser III. had only to follow their example and extend the application of their system to the countries which he gradually forced to submit to his rule.***

     * We read of the appointment of a governor in Bit-Khalupi,
     at Tush-khan, in Nairi, and in the country of the Patina.

     ** The territory of the Bit-Adini was converted into a
     province by Shalmaneser III.

*** We find the formation of an Aramaean province, with Kar- Assur as its capital, mentioned in the Annals of Tiglatli- pileser III.  Provinces were also established in Media, in Unki, in the basin of the Orontes, and in Lebanon, from nineteen districts formerly belonging to Hamath, six maritime provinces in Northern Phoenicia and in Coele-Syria, in Galilee, at Gaza.

In his case, however, certain elements came into play which forced him to modify several of their methods, and to have recourse to others which they had seldom or never employed.  The majority of the countries hitherto incorporated had been near enough to the capital—­whether it were Assur, Calah, or Nineveh—­to permit of strict watch being kept for any sign of disaffection, and they could be promptly recalled to order if they attempted to throw off the yoke.  These provinces were, moreover, of moderate area and sparsely populated:  once drawn within the orbit of Assyria’s attraction, they were unable to escape from its influence by their own unaided efforts; on the contrary, they gradually lost their individuality, and ended by becoming merged in the body of the nation.  The Aramaean tribes of the Khabur and the Balikh, the Cossaeans of the Turnat, the marauding shepherds of the Gordyaean hills and the slopes of the Masios, gradually became assimilated to their conquerors after a more or less protracted resistance, till at length—­in spite of differences of origin, creed, and speech—­they became the best of Assyrians, every whit as devoted to the person of their king and as jealous of his honour as the aboriginal Assyrians themselves.  A similar result could not be looked for in the case of the cities recently subdued.  It was not to be expected that Babylon and Damascus—­to name but two of the most important—­would allow themselves to be influenced and to become reconciled to their lot by artifices which had been successful enough with the Medes and in the country of Tul-Abni.