was also called Ramses.  He placed the double crown upon his brow, and seated him beside himself upon the throne of Horus.  This was an occasion for the Pharaoh to bring to remembrance all the great exploits he had performed during his reign—­his triumphs over the Libyans and over the peoples of the sea, and the riches he had lavished upon the gods:  at the end of the enumeration he exhorted those who were present to observe the same fidelity towards the son which they had observed towards the father, and to serve the new sovereign as valiantly as they had served himself.

[Illustration:  327.jpg THE MUMMY OF RAMSES III.]

     Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from a, photograph by Emil Brugsch-
     Bey.

The joint reign lasted for only four years.  Ramses III. was not much over sixty years of age when he died.  He was still vigorous and muscular, but he had become stout and heavy.  The fatty matter of the body having been dissolved by the natron in the process of embalming, the skin distended during life has gathered up into enormous loose folds, especially about the nape of the neck, under the chin, on the hips, and at the articulations of the limbs.  The closely shaven head and cheeks present no trace of hair or beard.  The forehead, although neither broad nor high, is better proportioned than that of Ramses II.; the supra-orbital ridges are less accentuated than his, the cheek-bones not so prominent, the nose not so arched, and the chin and jaw less massive.  The eyes were perhaps larger, but no opinion can be offered on this point, for the eyelids have been cut away, and the cleared-out cavities have been filled with rags.  The ears do not stand out so far from the head as those of Ramses II., but they have been pierced for ear-rings.  The mouth, large by nature, has been still further widened in the process of embalming, owing to the awkwardness of the operator, who has cut into the cheeks at the side.  The thin lips allow the white and regular teeth to be seen; the first molar on the right has been either broken in half, or has worn away more rapidly than the rest.  Ramses III. seems, on the whole, to have been a sort of reduced copy, a little more delicate in make, of Ramses II.; his face shows more subtlety of expression and intelligence, though less nobility than that of the latter, while his figure is not so upright, his shoulders not so broad, and his general muscular vigour less.  What has been said of his personality may be extended to his reign; it was evidently and designedly an imitation of the reign of Ramses IL, but fell short of its model owing to the insufficiency of his resources in men and money.  If Ramses III. did not succeed in becoming one of the most powerful of the Theban Pharaohs, it was not for lack of energy or ability; the depressed condition of Egypt at the time limited the success of his endeavours and caused them to fall short of his intentions.  The work accomplished by him was not on this account less glorious.